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Pearl Harbor Losses

8 Battleships 230 Aircraft. Pearl Harbor Losses. Casualties : Navy & Marine: 2117 dead 960 missing 876 wounded Army: 226 dead 396 wounded. Aftermath of Pearl Harbor. U.S. Pacific Battleship fleet effectively destroyed Carriers survive and become new capital ships

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Pearl Harbor Losses

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  1. 8 Battleships 230 Aircraft Pearl Harbor Losses Casualties: • Navy & Marine: • 2117 dead • 960 missing • 876 wounded • Army: • 226 dead • 396 wounded

  2. Aftermath of Pearl Harbor • U.S. Pacific Battleship fleet effectively destroyed • Carriers survive and become new capital ships • Submarines, repair facilities, and oil tanks also left unharmed • Result generally not anticipated by American naval planners before Pearl Harbor • Naval tactics change to support carrier strikes • Circular formations developed to protect carriers • U.S. declares war on Japan • Hitler declares war on the U.S • American public opinion changes in favor of war

  3. Continued Japanese Attacks • Malay Peninsula attacked - Dec 1941 • Guam – Taken 10 Dec 1941 • Wake Island - Taken 23 Dec 1941 • Hong Kong – Attacked 25 Dec 1941 • Thailand, Philippines, Borneo invaded in Dec 1941 • Singapore - 15 February 1942 • Indonesia - “Southern Resources Area” • Now the Japanese had all of the oil they needed • Further attacks? • Southwest Pacific: New Guinea and Australia • Central Pacific and northern Pacific: Midway and Aleutian Islands

  4. Pacific Theater Army Center for Military History

  5. The Philippines I SHALL RETURN! • Initial strike on 8 December 1941destroys U.S. aircraft • General Douglas MacArthur evacuates Manila • Retreats to Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor Island • 12 March - MacArthur evacuates with family to Australia under orders from FDR in a Navy patrol boat • U.S. and Filipino forces surrender on 6 May 1942 - leads to the Bataan Death March

  6. Bataan Death March Govt. Archives Photo Govt. Archives Photo

  7. Fleet AdmiralErnest J. King • Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (COMINC) • Chief of Naval Operations (March 1942) • Proponent of changing previously agreed upon “Germany First” strategy and moving resources to the Pacific theatre of war

  8. Fleet AdmiralChester W. Nimitz • Admiral Chester W. Nimitz relieves Kimmel as Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet • Includes North, Central, and South Pacific Areas

  9. U.S. Defensive Organization/ Plans • MacArthur - Commander in Chief Southwest Pacific Area • Australia, New Guineau, East Indies, and Philippines • Fleet elements in this zone remained under Nimitz's control • Controversial command structure • No common superior -- two separate wars in the Pacific • Overwhelming U.S. industrial and logistical superiority • Allows divided command until forces converge on Philippines in 1944 • Post Pearl Harbor Primary Goal : Hold the Line • Guard lines of communication between Hawaii, Midway and Australia • Divert Japanese drive into East Indies

  10. Doolittle Raid on Tokyo- Apr 1942 • Admiral “Bull” Halsey commands TF 16 - Hornet and Enterprise • Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle - B-25 “Mitchells” • Early launch caused by sighting by Japanese pickets • Increase in American morale • Erases Japanese resistance to Yamamoto’s Midway plan

  11. Battle of the Coral Sea 4-8 May 1942 • Japanese attempt to cut U.S. communications to Australia • Japanese sent a 2 carrier strike group into the Coral Sea from the Eastern Solomons & an invasion force with an escort carrier Shoho • Nimitz sent only available carriers, Lexington & Yorktown to block Japanese advance under Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher (Task Force 17) • Pure carrier engagement — first in history – Ships never saw each other

  12. Battle of the Coral Sea • Japanese carrier Shoho sunk • Zuikaku and Shokaku damaged • Japanese tactical victory • Took more kills • Lexington sunk by torpedo and Yorktown badly damaged • U.S. strategic victory • Japanese advance temporarily halted • Result the of Battle of the Coral Sea:Yamamoto now believed that the American fleet had to be destroyed and pushed ahead his next offensive…Midway

  13. Japanese Carrier Shokaku

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