Social Development Tool for Institutional Analysis- Organizational mapping

1. Social DevelopmentTool for Institutional Analysis- Organizational mapping • Organizations = Structure & Function • Organizations are groups of individuals that are formally organized for a specific purpose. • Institutions = “Rules of the Game” • Institutions are the formal and informal rules of the game in a society.

2. Organizational mapping –What is it and what can it be used for? • Provides crucialinsights into the reform context • Focuses on organizations that are stakeholders in the reform • Organizational stakeholders can comprise public sector, private sector, and civil society at different policy levels (national, regional, local level)

3. Organizational mapping –What is it and what can it be used for? • Reveals interests, formal and informal practices, linkages, and interrelations within and between organizational stakeholders that implement the policy reform • Locates constraints within the reform context that may prevent the implementation of the reform • Indicates opportunities to overcome these constraints

4. Organizational mapping -What are the premises? • Subset of the stakeholders identified through Stakeholder Analysis • Reform has effects on transmission channels • Employment • Prices • Access to goods and services • Assets • Transfers and taxes Which are the organizations that are relevant to the reform?

5. Step 1: Map Structure and Function • Descriptive listing of organizational stakeholders and illustration of their inter-linkages • Creation of an organogram (static map) • Data Source • Manuals from the relevant bureaucracies and organizations • Public information • Data Collection Method • Secondary data review • Content analysis

6. Political Opposition Finance Planning Civil Society Media Line Departments Losers Winners Organogram (‘Static Map’) - Example Political Leadership Key Government Agencies responsible for reform Unions Public

7. Step 2: Map Institutional Processes • Identify currentpractice and dynamics within and between organizations • Focus on processes by tracing key resource flows • Funds • Decision-making • Information • Identify constraints and opportunities for change • Data Source • Interview data • Data Collection Method • In-depth interviews with key informants (open-ended or semi-structured interviews) • Focus groups

8. CentralGovernment StateGovernment LocalGovernment Public Money Decisions ? Information Process mapping: flows CentralGovernment StateGovernment LocalGovernment Public

9. Types of constraints to consider Constraints can emerge as blockages within the process or as flaws in the logic of the process: • Processes within an organization • Relationships b/w organizations • System-wide issues

10. Types of constraints/ Resource flows

11. Organizational Mapping-Advantages and Disadvantages • Advantages • identifies institutional problems that may not be immediately obvious • generates in-depth information on performance at various levels of an organization, and • reflects the perspectives of organizations in the front line of delivering the policy. • Disadvantages • can be resource intensive to do well (on site interviews in different agencies are needed) • results depend on the representativeness of the stakeholders consulted.

12. Constraints and opportunities for change • Process within an organization • Relationships between organizations • System-wide issues To implement a reform, one must change both formal rulesandinformal practices.

13. Guidance for group work • Which organizational stakeholders (public, private, civil society) are key to the reform? • What are the institutional and/or organizational constraints to the implementation of the reform? • What actions or institutional changes would you propose to overcome these constraints?