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THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE. Biological bases of behavior. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. Central Nervous System. Spinal Cord Column of nerves that takes data from the body, to the brain Protected by vertebra Brain Billions of neuron cells, grouped into separate parts. The Brain. Cerebrum

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THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

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  1. THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Biological bases of behavior

  2. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

  3. Central Nervous System • Spinal Cord • Column of nerves that takes data fromthe body, to the brain • Protected by vertebra • Brain • Billions of neuron cells, grouped into separate parts.

  4. The Brain • Cerebrum • Cortex—what’s wrinkled. The “crowning glory” • Hindbrain • Midbrain • Forebrain

  5. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • Somatic Nervous System • Voluntary • Muscles, tendons, joints • Does psychology study the somatic n.s.? • Autonomic Nervous System • Heartbeat, hormone release, blinking (?), pupil dilation, breathing, digestion, regulation of hunger, thirst, levels of salt…

  6. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM • Sympathetic Branch—EXPENDS ENERGY • In sympathy with your needs • Runs bodily functions when you’re in FIGHT or FLIGHT • Parasympathetic Branch—MENDS ENERGY • Repairs bodily funcitons

  7. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

  8. Do FIRST • Stack your table’s homework in the middle of your table • Check your answers to the half-sheet yesterday. Be ready with your questions! 1. a, 2. c, 3. d, 4. a, 5. b • On your UNIT CALENDAR, write your HW—Textbook readings, Unit 2 Folder due tomorrow • Answer the following questions at the top of your notes. • What’s the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? • What’s the different between sensory and motor neurons? • What are interneurons?

  9. House-keeping • Unit calendar—Tutorials today! Quiz Friday! Reading HW! • Unit 2 folder—Red! • Teenage Brain article… Thoughts?

  10. Neuroanatomy What are the nervous system, neurons, and nerves, and how do they relate to one another?

  11. Spinal Reflexes • What’s the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? • What’s the different between sensory and motor neurons? • What are interneurons?

  12. THE NEURON

  13. Do FIRST • To review for your quiz, you have each been assigned to be a part of a neuron. Using your notes, assemble yourselves as though your human neuron is in it’s resting state/resting potential Neuron #1 itzel--dendrite/receptor site gabby--dendrite/receptor site rafael--dendrite/receptor site nayeli—soma victor--axon membrane angela--axon membrane josh--chloride ion alan--chloride ion emmanuel--potassium ion zeke--potassium ion luis--sodium ion jesus--terminal cristobal--terminal bulb whitney--terminal bulb jennifer--terminal bulb selena--Na+/K+ pump Neuron #2 christian--dendrite/receptor site jocelyn--dendrite/receptor site

  14. THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior?

  15. ENDORCINE SYSTEM • A bunch of glands, controlled by the hypothalamus • Glands secrete chemical messengers called hormones • neurotransmitters : hormones :: bullet trains : ________ • neurotransmitters : hormones :: neurons : _________ • neurotransmitters : hormones :: brain : _________

  16. endocrine power structure • Hypothalamus controls pituitary gland • Pituitary gland controls the rest of the glands • Create a metaphor!

  17. Pituitary gland • Regulates body growth • Lactation • Regulates body growth, by regulating thyroid • Messages the adrenal gland—FIGHT OR FLIGHT • Tells ovaries and testes to secrete sex hormones

  18. Pineal gland • secretes melatonin

  19. Thyroid gland • Thyroxin regulates metabolism

  20. PANCREAS • Controls blood sugar by secreting insulin and glucagons • Too little? Diabetes • Too much? Hypoglycemia

  21. GONADS • Ovaries and Testes • Secrete sex hormones that regulate sexual behavior and reproduction

  22. ADRENAL GLANDS • renal, latin for kidney • releases epinephrine and norepinephrine • Releases cortisol when body is under stress • FUN FACT ABOUT WILL POWER!

  23. NEURON QUIZ RETAKE • Students should have out a writing pen and a grading pen, with their privacy folders up when the bell rings

  24. Visual for Short Answer

  25. The Brain—Mini-quiz

  26. Corpuscallosum Cerebralcortex Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary A. Amygdala C. Reticular formation D. Medulla B. Hippocampus Spinal cord E. Cerebellum Activation of this area would result in: coordinated movement. anger. waking up from a nap. a steady heartbeat. the ability to remember what you did 2 minutes ago.

  27. Corpuscallosum Cerebralcortex Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary A. Amygdala C. Reticular formation D. Medulla B. Hippocampus Spinal cord E. Cerebellum Damage to this area would result in: not breathing. stumbling. an inability to store new memories. being unable to wake up. an inability to feel fear.

  28. A. Corpus callosum E. Cerebral cortex B. Thalamus C. Hypothalamus Pituitary Amygdala Reticularformation Medulla Hippocampus D. Spinal cord Cerebellum Activation of this area would result in: the maintenance of body temperature. recalling old memories. your brain being able to tell your legs to move. the routing of visual signals to the occipital lobe. communication between the two hemispheres

  29. A. Corpus callosum E. Cerebral cortex B. Thalamus C. Hypothalamus Pituitary Amygdala Reticularformation Medulla Hippocampus D. Spinal cord Cerebellum Damage to this area would result in: a split brain. inoperative reward centers. your feet being unable to tell your brain you’re wearing socks. an inability to send auditory signals to your temporal lobes. an altered personality.

  30. OUR DIVIDED BRAIN • SWBAT differentiate the primary functions of the right and left hemispheres • SWBAT classify targeted brain abilities and relate them to proper hemispheres

  31. Which seems happier?

  32. Which seems happier?

  33. Lateralization of the Hemispheres Vision – Words, Letters Hearing – Language sounds Memory – Verbal Memory Language – Speech, Grammar rules, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic Spatial Ability - Vision – Geometric Patterns, Emotional Expression Hearing – Non-language sounds, music Memory – Non-Verbal Memory Language – Emotional tone of speech Spatial Ability – Geometry, Sense of directions, Distance, Mental Rotation of Shapes

  34. The Brain’s Plasticity “Can the brain reorganize itself?” Functional Plasticity Structural Plasticity

  35. DO FIRST • Reflect on the following question on your half sheet: What are the potential consequences of having the ability to choose our genetics?

  36. Genetics and heredity In what ways do our genes determine who we are going to become? What role does our environment play?

  37. In The not so distant future… • Clip from GATTACA

  38. In the not so distant future… Today.

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