DRUGS AND THEIR OBSERVABLE EFFECTS

1. DRUGS AND THEIR OBSERVABLE EFFECTS

2. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS ALCOHOL BARBITURATES ANTI-ANXIETY TRANQUILLIZERS MANY OTHERS

3. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS Central Nervous System Depressants slow down the operation of the brain. Depressants first effect those areas of the brain that control a persons conscious voluntary actions. As the dose is increased depressants begin to effect the parts of the brain that control the body’s automatic process. (i.e. heartbeat, respiration, etc.) The CNS depressant category includes the single most commonly abused drug in Canada, alcohol

4. EXPECTED RESULTS OF ROADSIDEOBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT EYE INDICATORS HGN usually present VGN may be present (with high doses of the drug) PUPIL SIZE normal EYE LIDS may be droopy and eyes watery

5. METHODS OF INGESTION FOR CNS DEPRESSANTS ORAL INJECTION

6. DEPRESSANTSGENERAL INDICATORS Droopy eye lids HGN, VGN Slow reaction to light Uncoordinated Drowsiness Slow Thick, Slurred Speech Shallow Depressed Respiration Disoriented, Drunk Like Behaviour FUMBLING SLOW SLUGGISH REACTIONS

7. INHALANTS GASOLINE GLUES PAINT HAIR SPRAY ANESTHETIC GASES SHOE POLISH

8. METHODS OF INGESTIONINHALANTS INHALING BY BREATHING FUMES INGESTED ORALLY SUBSTANCE SOAKED INTO FABRIC

9. INHALANTS.EFFECTS OF SHORT TERM USE 1. EUPHORIA AND DIZZINESS • NUMBNESS • WEIGHTLESSNESS • DISSOCIATION FROM ENVIRONMENT • GIDDINESS AND GREGARIOUSNESS • EMOTIONAL DISINHIBITION • LACK OF MOTOR COORDINATION • MUSCLE WEAKNESS

10. INHALANTS:EFFECTS OF SHORT TERM USE • SLOWED REFLEXES • IMPAIRED JUDGEMENT • SLURRED SPEECH • ABNORMAL VISION • PERCEPTUAL DISTORTION • VIOLENT BIZARRE BEHAVIOUR • TOXIC PSYCHOSIS

11. POSSIBLE ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT PSYCHOPHYSICAL: - DIVIDED ATTENTION IMPAIRMENT - POOR COORDINATION AND BALANCE

12. POSSIBLE ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT EYE INDICATORS: HGN VGN MAY BE PRESENT (WITH HIGH DOSES FOR THAT INDIVIDUAL) PUPIL SIZE MAY BE NORMAL OR DILATED

13. GENERAL INDICATORS OFINHALANTS • ODOUR OF INHALED SUBSTANCE • DIZZINESS, NUMBNESS, HEADACHES • POSSIBLE TRACES OF SUBSTANCE AROUND FACE AND NOSE • BLOODSHOT, WATERY EYES • DISTORTED PERCEPTION OF TIME AND SPACE • CONFUSED, DISORIENTED APPEARANCE

14. GENERAL INDICATORS OFINHALANTS LIGHT HEADNESS FLUSHED FACE, POSSIBLY SWEATING INTENSE HEADACHE SLOW, THICK, SLURRED SPEECH NAUSEA NONCOMMUNICATIVE FLOATING SENSATION

15. INHALANTSGENERAL BEHAVIOR Red Watery Eyes HGN,VGN Drowsy, Stuporous Behavior Slurred speech Excessive Nasal Secretions White Powdery Ring ofDried Glue Around Mouth Slow Reflexes

16. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP) AND ITS ANALOGS (KETAMINE)

17. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)DEFINITION. Phencyclidine (PCP) is a drug that has a category all to itself. PCP shares similar characteristics with three other categories of drugs . It produces some effects that are similar to both CNS stimulants and depressants; and in some respects acts like a hallucinogen.

18. EXPECTED RESULTS OF ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OFIMPAIRMENT PSYCHOPHYSICAL: Divided attention impairment Moon walking Slowed internal clock

19. EXPECTED RESULTS OF ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT • EYE INDICATORS: • HGN and VGN PRESENT • Pupil size normal • May have a blank stare

20. METHODS OF PCP INGESTION SMOKED INHALED OR SNORTED ORALLY INJECTED TRANSDERMAL ABSORPTION

21. GENERAL INDICATORS OF PCP LOSS OF MEMORY BLANK STARE PERSPIRING HEAVILY WARM TO TOUCH INCOMPLETE, SLURRED VERBAL RESPONSES

22. GENERAL INDICATORS OF PCP CYCLIC BEHAVIOUR AGITATED RIGID MUSCLE TONE DISORIENTED NON-RESPONSIVE CHEMICAL ODOUR

23. PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)GENERAL BEHAVIOR HGN, VGN, Blank Stare Glassy and/or Bloodshot Disorientation, confused Loss of Memory Extreme Agitation Passive, abruptly turning violent. Non-Communicative Excessive Perspiration Psychotic like behavior Attracted to water or glass Perspiration Warm to touch Cyclic behavior Slow, Slurred, Repetitive Speech, Chemical Odor on Breath, speech difficulties. Incomplete verbal responses High Stepping (Moon)Walk Robot Like Movements Increased pain threshold All Vital Signs Elevated.

24. CANNABIS: MARIHUANA HASHISH LIQUID HASHISH MARIHUANA OIL MARINOL

25. EXPECTED ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT PSYCHOPHYSICAL • DIVIDED ATTENTION IMPAIRMENT • POOR COORDINATION AND BALANCE • PROBLEMS WITH DIVIDED ATTENTION TASKS • DISTORTED INTERNAL CLOCK

26. EXPECTED ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT EYE INDICATORS: • NO HGN OR VGN • PUPIL SIZE WILL USUALLY BE DILATED BUT MAY BE NORMAL

27. CANNABIS: PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT SHORT TERM • General feeling of well being, relaxation and drowsiness, emotional disinhibition and garrulousness. • Wide spectrum of sensory and perceptual distortion:distortion of of time, distance and body images. • in the 5 senses, auditory and visual acuity. • Spontaneous laughter. • Impairment of recent memory and concentration with mild confusion and disorientation. • Attention span is reduced and users ability to process information is impaired

28. CANNABIS EFFECTS : PSYCHOLOGICALSHORT TERM LOW DOSE • Attention span is reduced and users ability to process information is impaired. • Mild cognitive and motor impairment. Balance and stability when standing may be impaired. • Decrease in muscle strength and hand steadiness with tremors. • Impaired ability to perform complex tasks. • Adverse effects as: fearfulness and anxiety, mild paranoia.

29. CANNABIS EFFECTS:PHYSICAL • HEART EFFECTS: in peripheral blood flow rapid in blood flow when moving from lying or sitting position to standing. • IRRITATION TO LUNGS: • EYES: Red with Rebound dilation and lack of convergence. • appetite , dryness of mouth and throat. • OTHERS: Hangover, changes in libido, headache, slight changes in body temperature.

30. The Fact Sheet • In a study , 10 airline pilots smoked one marijuana cigarette (2%THC), 24 hours before flying simulator, all failed to land safely missing the runway • Leading specialist is cellular heredity, Dr. Aldia MIRISHIMA stated in that in 20 years of research in human cells, he has found no other drug, including cocaine and heroin which comes remotely close to DNA damage caused by marijuana

31. The Fact Sheet • Marijuana oil extraction using solvents to precipitate the resin has resulted in extremely potent oil. Recent seizure analysed at 78% THC • New trend, dipping high potency bud into high potency oil resulting in a new “super Weed”

32. The Fact Sheet • Approximately 23% of youths, in Canada, between the ages of 16 & 24, are defined as current marijuana users, while 7.4% or 1.7 million Canadians have used marijuana in the past year. (Health Canada 1994) • Studies show that 34% of children in British Columbia have tried Cannabis marijuana by the age of 13

33. CANNABISGENERAL INDICATORS Red, Possibly Dilated Eyes, with Rebound Dilation Sluggish Intoxicated Laughter Impaired Recent memory. Lack of Convergence Eye lid tremors Increased appetite Relaxed Inhibitions Tremors Dry Mouth and Throat Odor of marihuana, debris in mouth Disorientation Decreased Muscle Strength Impaired perception of time/distance

34. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS COCAINE AMPHETAMINES METHAMPHETAMINE

35. PHYSICAL EFFECTSSHORT TERM LOW DOSE • DRY MOUTH • RESPIRATORY RATE • HEART RATE • BLOOD PRESSURE • BODY TEMPERATURE • CONSTRICTION OF BLOOD VESSELS

36. STIMULANTSSHORT TERM LOW DOSE • EUPHORIA • SENSE OF WELL BEING • POSTPONEMENT OF PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FATIGUE • APPETITE • SELF-CONFIDENCE • SPEED OF PERFORMANCE • ACCURACY

37. EXPECTED RESULTS OF ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT PSYCHOPHYSICAL Divided attention impairment Starts test too soon Accelerated internal clock Completes test too quickly Rapid and jerky movements

38. EXPECTED RESULTS OF ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT EYE INDICATORS PUPILS DILATED HIPPUS NO HGN or VGN

39. METHODS OF INGESTION SMOKING SNORTING INJECTION ORALLY

40. GENERAL INDICATORS OF CNS STIMULANTS Anxiety Euphoria Restlessness Talkativeness Irritability Bruxism Eye and leg tremors

41. STIMULANTSGENERAL INDICATORS Dilated Pupils Bloody, runny nose Reddened nasal membrane Deterioration of Septa Anxiety, paranoia, possible hallucinations Talkativeness rapid speech Grinding of teeth (bruxism) Euphoria Increased risk taking Inability to concentrate Hyper alert, excited Agitated/restlessness Wide mood swings Inappropriate sleeping pattern, insomnia Irritability Possibly violent Fast internal clock Body tremors Muscle rigidity Hyperactivity, exaggerated reflexes Extreme weight loss, loss of appetite Bad body odor Heavy perspiration

42. HALLUCINOGENS PEYOTE PSILOCYBIN (MAGIC MUSHROOMS) LSD MDA

43. EXPECTED RESULTS OF ROADSIDE OBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT PSYCHOPHYSICAL Uncoordinated Severe divided attention impairment Poor perception of time and distance Poor balance Distorted internal clock

44. Ecstasy?

45. METHODS OF INGESTIONHALLUCINOGENS • ORALLY • INJECTED • SMOKED • SNORTED • TRANSDERMAL ABSORPTION

46. SYNTHESTHESIA Transposition of Sensory Modes Sounds may be transposed into sights Sights may be transposed into odors

47. HALLUCINOGENSGENERAL INDICATORS Dazed appearance Pupils dilated Piloerection (LSD) Increased respiration Rapid irrational speech Difficulty in speaking Nausea Elevated blood pressure and pulse rate Synesthesia Hallucinations Paranoia Muscle tension Body tremors Poor perception of time and distance Uncoordinated

48. NARCOTIC ANALGESICS HEROIN OPIUM MORPHINE CODEINE DILAUDID DEMEROL METHADONE

49. NARCOTICS: • ANY DRUG WHICH MAY HAVE A SEDATIVE OR PAIN-RELIEVING ACTION. • MEDICAL USES: Relief of intense pain , cough suppressant, treatment of diarrhea. • PHYSICAL EFFECTS: ABUSED STATE: • LETHARGY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY • DROWSINESS WITH APATHY • CONSTIPATION, NAUSEA AND VOMITING • PINPOINT PUPILS

50. EXPECTED RESULTS OF ROADSIDEOBSERVATIONS/INDICATORS OF IMPAIRMENT • PSYCHOPHYSICAL • - Divided attention impairment • - Poor coordination and balance • - Slowed internal clock.