DRUGS AND EFFECTS

1. DRUGS AND EFFECTS Colorado Springs Police Department Metro Vice, Narcotics and Intelligence Officer Teresa Schutz / Rev. 2-02

2. MDMA - Ecstasy • Also known as: • XTC • X • E • Pill • Roll • Clarity • Love Drug • Hug Drug • Disco Biscuits • Lover’s Speed

3. MDMA - Ecstasy

4. History of MDMA - Ecstasy • First created in 1912 • Used as an appetite suppressant • In 1950s its was studied for use in chemical warfare • 1985 - US Government regulated it as a Schedule I Controlled Substance • No medicinal value, highly addictive • 1990s - Studies reveal Ecstasy causes brain damage

5. Manufacturing/Distribution of Ecstasy • Combined effects similar to methamphetamine (speed) and mescaline (hallucinogen) • Made in Europe, mostly in the Netherlands • Some labs now in US • Costs approx $15-30 a dose

6. What does Ecstasy look like? • Mostly in tablets, some found in capsules • Tablets come with many different logos and colors and are named accordingly • Teen age girl in Boulder dies from a single Ecstasy pill -- Four Leaf Clover - Adam - Anker - Barney - Batman - Camel

7. What does Ecstasy look like?

8. Symptoms of MDMA - Ecstasy • Initial effects felt in 30-45 minutes • Peak effects felt in 60-90 minutes • Duration of effects last 4 to 6 hours

9. Physical Symptoms - Ecstasy • During Use • Dry mouth • Bruxism - the grinding of teeth and jaws, sometime to the extent of breaking teeth • Muscle tension • Blurred vision • Rapid Eye Movement • Nausea and faintness • Increased heart rate • Tingling sensations • Increased body temperature - known to go as high as 117oF • High risk for heat stroke • Dehydration

10. Ecstasy Use Normal Coping Crash

11. Pharmacology of MDMA - Ecstasy • Ecstasy causes the brain to release all stored Serotonin into the brain at once (extreme high) • Serotonin and the neurons that produce it “play a direct role in regulating aggression, mood, sexual activity, sleep and sensitivity to pain.”* • In some, normal Serotonin levels may never be recuperated and the neurons that spread it throughout the brain may be destroyed or blocked *According to the NIDA - National Institute of Drug Abuse

12. Consequences of the Brain - Ecstasy • Acne like rash • Severe liver and kidney damage • May alter motor skills permanently - similar to Parkinson’s disease • Permanent, long-term brain damage • Short term memory loss Positron Emission Photography Dark area shows far lower Serotonin levels that may contribute to brain damage. Red area shows normal Serotonin activity NIDA PHOTO Normal Brain Ecstasy User

13. Users “Piggyback” or “Stack” Ecstasy Multiple doses taken before effects are felt More taken before effects wear off Leads to overdose/death Ravers tend not call EMS for users who collapse “Kitty Flipping” - ravers use Ketamine & Ecstasy “Candy Flipping” - use LSD & Ecstasy “Hippy Flipping” - use Mushrooms & Ecstasy Use of MDMA - Ecstasy

14. GHB - Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid • Also known as: • Grievous Bodily Harm • Scoop • “G” • GH Beers • GH Buddy • Georgia Home Boy • Gamma O • EZ-Lay • Liquid X or E • Blue Verve

15. History of GHB • Originated as a sleep aid and muscle enhancer • 1980s - marketed as supplement in health stores • 1990 FDA issued advisory calling GHB unsafe • 2000 - Listed as Schedule I Controlled Substance • No medicinal value, highly addictive

16. What does GHB look like? • Colorless, odorless liquid, also tablets and capsules • Easy to conceal • Liquid or ice cubes of GHB are secretly put in drinks, alcohol, juice, water • Sold in one drop doses at Raves • Will foam like soap when shaken • Used as a Date Rape drug • Formerly marketed as GBL which the body metabolizes into GHB (2002 DEA Arrests)

17. Lower Doses Depresses Central Nervous System Users appear drunk Relaxed, generally happy More Sociable Uninhibited Higher Doses Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Sleepiness Loss of consciousness Muscle spasms Effects of GHB

18. Pharmacology of GHB • Usual dosage is a capful, about 1/2 teaspoon. • Effects are felt from 10 minutes to an hour and last 2-3 hours. • Many deaths have occurred by overdose when users take more before the effects are felt. • Overdose can cause loss of consciousness due to respiratory distress and decreased heart rate.

19. GHB Analogs - Look-alikes, Act-alikes • Illegal GHB analogs are increasingly common - do not require cooking • Here’s a good opportunity to show what they do…. 1,4 butanediol

20. Watch What Happens! Within 1-2 minutes, the styrofoam cup had disintegrated. Residue on the chemist’s fingers removed some of the finish on the camera too.

21. Manufacturing and Distribution - GHB • Main ingredients commonly used for manufacturing are sold as: • Furniture Cleaner • Ink Jet Cleaner • Floor Stripper • Body Builder Enhancer Stored in Trash and Gasoline Cans Hydrochloric Acid

22. Consequences of GHB • Extremely addictive • Recovery requires 2-3 weeks in intensive care, supervised by a doctor. • Potency levels vary from “cook” to “cook” so effects of drug are unpredictable per dose. • Stimulates sexually oriented behavior, often interpreted as “willing” behavior. Victims may not remember sexual assault or experience.

23. Ketamine Hydrocholoride • Also known as: • K • Special K • Ket • Vitamin K • Ketaset • Ketalar • Ketajet

24. What Does Ketamine Look Like? • Comes in prescription type bottles • Cooked into a white powder form for snorting • Made legally in the USA by pharmaceutical companies • FDA categorizes Ketamine as a Class III Controlled Substance

25. Pharmacology of Ketamine • A “dissociative” anesthetic • Separates perception from sensation • Originally used as a human anesthetic • Principally used as a veterinary anesthetic • Strong pain reliever • Hallucinogenic Effect • Onset is within 10-20 minutes • Produces effects similar to PCP with visual effects similar to LSD

26. Symptomology of Ketamine • In lower doses, symptoms are similar to nitrous oxide • Floaty, light - mild, dreamy, feeling slightly outside your body. • In higher doses - users feel very far away from their body • Most users remain seated or lying down while using • Hallucinogenic effects last up to one hour • Impairing effects last 18-24 hours after use

27. Symptomology of Ketamine • Lower doses of Ketamine can increase heart rate • Higher doses depress consciousness and breathing • Dangerous to combine with Depressants such as alcohol, GHB, and Valium

28. Consequences of Ketamine • Extremely psychologically addicting • Can lead to Neurosis, flashbacks • Depression

29. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide - LSD • Also known as: • Acid • Big D • Gel Tabs • Ticket • Paper & Paper Acid • Dots, Microdot • Blotter & Blotter Acid • Pyramids • California Sunshine • Blue Heaven • Sunshine

30. History of LSD • Most potent hallucinogen known to man. • Once studied as treatment for mental illness because it is structurally similar to a chemical in the brain that effects psychosis. • Once prevalent in the 1960s and 1970s - has made a resurgence in the 1990s

31. Pharmacology of LSD • Oral doses as little as 0.025 mg. (25 micrograms, same as a few grains of salt) can produce hallucinations. • Standard dose is 20-80 micrograms. A high dosage can last 10-12 hours. • Initial effects are felt in 30-60 minutes • One ounce of LSD is enough for 567,000 hits of 50 micrograms each. • $5-20 a dose

32. What does LSD look like? • LSD is absorbed transdermally - through the skin • Normally given on blotter paper that is placed on the skin or tongue • Different designs and colors can be on pills, vitamins, aspirin, etc. • Can be injected, never smoked.

33. Mental Hallucinogenic state Distorted perception of time, depth, movement and sight. Hear colors, see sounds. Mind creates images that aren’t there, good or bad depending on mental state. Symptoms of LSD

34. Long Term Acute anxiety Depression Flashbacks Brain damage Schizophrenia Psychologically addictive Tolerance developed in 3-6 days of use Need more and more Short Term Dilated pupils Goosebumps Profuse perspiration Higher body temperature Increased blood sugar Nausea Rapid heart rate Extreme mood swings Hallucinogenic state Distorted perception of time, depth, movement and sight “Hear” color, “see” sound Consequences of LSD • DEATH

35. AKA: Speed, Meth, crystal, crank Illegally manufactured in home made labs Central nervous system stimulant Schedule II Controlled Substance Methamphetamine Here’s what it can do:

36. The same person over 14 years…

37. Here’s another example:

38. Arrest Date: 09-15-1999

39. Arrest Date: 11-22-1999 2 Months Later

40. Arrest Date: 07-30-2000 10 Months Later

41. Arrest Date: 08-26-2000 11 Months Later

42. Arrest Date: 10-06-2000 1 Year Later

43. Arrest Date: 03-21-2001 18 Months Later

44. Meth use has devastating effects…. 9-15-99 18 Months Later