The 20 th Century and Beyond

1. The 20th Century and Beyond Chapter 36: The Final Chapter

2. I. The end of the Cold War • Reagan Doctrine- US assist in any anticommunist resistance • Afghanistan • Ironically, we return to fight many of the men we armed in 2001 • Soviet Union’s military was stretched • Economic challenges • Various satellite nations soon split off

3. I. The End of the Cold War • Mikhail Gorbachev • Instituted many reforms • Anti-Stalinism • Glasnost (openness)- “freedom to criticize) • Limitations on nuclear weapons • Perestroika (economic restructuring)- decentralization of industry • Government not all powerful • Social reforms • People eventually became unhappy with too much change • Soviet Union started to collapse between 1989-1990

4. II. Post Soviet Union • Boris Yeltsin • Took over in 1991 which became the end of the Soviet Union • President of Russia • Renounced Communism- brought in a free-market economy • Used military force to overthrow the Soviet Parliament • Vladimir Putin • Replace Yeltsin in 1999 • Freedom of Press? • Democracy and Freedom?

5. III. The Middle East • Area of conflict • Persian Gulf War 1991 • Saddam Hussein (Iraq) invades Kuwait • United States gets involved and organizes coalition (some argue onlyfor oil reasons) • Al-Qaeda upset that U.S. has troops in Saudi / Holy Land • War on Terrorism • Result of 9/11 attacks • Resulted in a War in Afghanistan and War in Iraq • Major power comes from oil

6. IV. Globalization • Globalization- The interconnectedness of the World • Describes how the world has become smaller due to communication and transportation • Technology! • Describes how one issue in one part of the world has a significant impact in another • Level of globalization increases dramatically everyday • 1990- Tim Berns “creates the internet” (not Al Gore) • 2001- 25% of world has internet • 2010- between 30-40%

7. IV. Globalization • Business • Multinational corporations: have operations in more than one other country • Outsourcing • Various businesses have different departments or locations around the world • Sometimes more powerful than the host company • Force improvements in communication and transportation

8. IV. Globalization • Migration • “Guest Workers” • Immigration increases with ease of transportation • Brings about language barriers • Multiculturalism • Cultural Globalization • Americanization • McDonalds • Usually includes native variations • Science and arts • Working together around the world

9. IV. Globalization • United Nations • Originally started to keep peace • Provides aid • Works on global health and human rights issues • Issues with religions • Spread of world cultures sometimes runs against fundamental religious groups • Ex. Islam in the Middle East • Results in conflict

10. V. Global Problems • Spread of Disease • Ease of travel makes the threat of pandemics a larger problem • Swine Flu, SARS, AIDS etc. • Upside: worldwide efforts towards eradicating these diseases • Environmental issues • Worldwide Concern • Awareness of how local issues can be a worldwide issue • Problem can be compounded as a result of rapid growth in developing countries • Usually encouraged by industrial countries

11. VI. Wrap Up • Globalization has its positives and negatives • Compare and contrast current Globalization to previous growth in world trade for example Silk Road and Columbian Exchange. • Everything in history has lead us to this point in time

12. The End (with exception, the Mongols!)