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Biological indicators across heterogenous datasets

Biological indicators across heterogenous datasets. Abigail McQuatters-Gollop. Outline. Ecological indicator use and selection Indicators in the context of the MSFD Examples of applied ecological indicators. The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR). Plankton ecologically important

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Biological indicators across heterogenous datasets

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  1. Biological indicators across heterogenous datasets Abigail McQuatters-Gollop

  2. Outline • Ecological indicator use and selection • Indicators in the context of the MSFD • Examples of applied ecological indicators

  3. The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) • Plankton ecologically important • Unchanged methodology (80 years) • Longest, most spatially extensive oceanic monitoring program in the world • ~ 1 million samples • 500 plankton taxa + indicator of phyto biomass • Microplastics • Water sampler

  4. An indicator approach Edwards, M. et al (2010) TREE

  5. Determining indicators • Policy relevance • Spatio-temporal representivity • Data

  6. DATE 15.7.10 15.7.11 15.7.12 by 2013 15.7.14 by 2014 by 2015 by 2016 by 2019 2020 Marine Strategy Framework Directive Objective: to achieve Good Environmental Status (GEnS) of Europe’s seas by 2020 • Regional seas approach to Ecosystem Based Management • Adaptive management • Consistency and comparability in monitoring programmes • Importance of natural variability • 11 qualitative descriptors of GEnS

  7. DATE 15.7.10 15.7.11 15.7.12 by 2013 15.7.14 by 2014 by 2015 by 2016 by 2019 2020 Descriptors of GEnS • Biodiversity • Non-indigenous species • Fisheries • Marine food webs • Eutrophication • Benthic ecosystems • Hydrographical conditions • Pollution • Contaminants • Marine litter • Energy and noise Milestones • Initial assessment • Determination of GEnS • Establishment environmental targets & associated indicators Programme of measures to achieve or maintain GEnS Entry into operation of the programme of measures Establish and implement monitoring programme Criteria and methodological standards decided Achieve GEnS DATE 2010 2012 2014 by 2015 by 2016 2020 nowSeas EVA ROTH &TIM O’HIGGINS

  8. Indicators in MSFD • Used to monitor towards environmental targets/GEnS • Descriptors -> criteria -> indicator(s) • One criterion – multiple indicators • One indicator – multiple measures MSFD Descriptor Eutrophication Criteria for GEnS Criteria for GEnS Criteria for GEnS Water transparency Chlorophyllconcentration Algal spp. shift Indicator Indicator Indicator Secchi depth Phytop. Colour Index Diatom: dino

  9. One criterion – multiple indicators Eutrophication Algal spp. shift HABs Diatom: dino

  10. One indicator – multiple measures Eutrophication Chlorophyllconcentration Chl indicators Phytoplankton Colour Index North Atlantic

  11. Representivity: An issue of scale Edwards, M. et al (2010) TREE

  12. Representivity: An issue of scale • Spatial: Many time-series are localized • Temporal: Many time-series are short Edwards, M. et al (2010) TREE

  13. Data Policy issue • MSFD flexible -> heterogenous datasets (measures) for indicators • Broadly applicable approach • Best use of available data Indicator Dataset 1 Dataset 2

  14. Indicators from heterogenous datasets ICES CPR 1902 - 1912 1948 - present • many methods of sample collection • varying depths • inconsistent taxonomic resolution • inconsistent measures (#, p/a, rr) • patchy seasonal coverage • consistent methodology • consistent tow depth • consistent taxonomic resolution • consistent measures • monthly tow frequency

  15. CPR No. samples ICES CPR ICES 13,000 ~1M Total in DB Comparable study areas 97,093 9,191 Comparable depths 2,619 Comparable seasonality 32,454

  16. Taxonomic challenges • Differences in measures • Differences in taxonomic detail ICES CPR No. taxa 1824 ~500 No. species 1395 ~300 2 Chaetoceros 51 Not spp. Foraminfera 87

  17. Taxonomic challenges • Species name changes/ synonyms

  18. Taxonomic challenges • Taxonomic identification

  19. HABs

  20. HABs - Noctiluca ICES 1900s CPR 1980s CPR 1990s CPR 2000s

  21. Climate change – C. hyperboreous ICES 1900s CPR 1960s CPR 1970s CPR 1990s CPR 1980s CPR 2000s

  22. Ocean acidification McQ-G, Edwards, Beaugrand SAHFOS

  23. Eutrophication A. McQuatters-Gollop, M. Edwards

  24. SeaWiFS+CPR = new dataset! SeaWiFS – Chl-a CPR - PCI McQuatters-Gollop L&O

  25. Biogeographical shifts G. Beaugrand

  26. Diversity (simple) Number of dinoflagellate species per sample

  27. Biodiversity (Complex) G. Beaugrand & M. Edwards PNAS (bottom) & GCB (top)

  28. May Taxa not in CPR DB Community changes Taxa not in ICES DB

  29. Non-natives

  30. Consider.... • Policy relevance • Appropriateness of scale • Synchronize heterogenous datasets • Validation / verification

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