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Contraception

Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives. Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. contraceptive efforts 1800s Comstock laws 1915: Margaret Sanger U.S. Supreme Court rulings Griswold vs. Connecticut Eisenstadt vs. Baird.

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Contraception

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  1. Contraception

  2. Historical and Social Perspectives • Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history • U.S. contraceptive efforts • 1800s Comstock laws • 1915: Margaret Sanger • U.S. Supreme Court rulings • Griswold vs. Connecticut • Eisenstadt vs. Baird

  3. Contemporary Issues on Contraception • Planning for wanted children • Physical health of mother • Insurance coverage of contraceptives • Population growth • Cultural gender-role expectations • Wide diversity of views among cultures and religious groups

  4. Average Number of Children

  5. Sharing Responsibility for Contraception • Ask about birth control before intercourse • Read and discuss options together • Attend a class or clinic together • Share expenses

  6. Choosing a Birth Control Method • Consider effectiveness and cost • Consider ease of use and side effects • Characteristics of ineffective use

  7. Choosing a Birth Control Method

  8. Choosing a Birth Control Method

  9. Choosing a Birth Control Method

  10. Choosing a Birth Control Method

  11. Hormone-Based Contraceptives: 4 Basic Types of The Pills • Combination pill • Triphasic pill • Constant dose • Progestin-only pill

  12. Other Hormone-Based Contraceptives • Vaginal ring • Transdermal patch • Injected contraceptives

  13. Barrier Methods • Condom • Sheath fits over erect penis

  14. Barrier Methods: The Female Condom

  15. Vaginal Spermicides • Can be purchased in pharmacies without a prescription • Types • foam, sponge, suppositories, creams, film

  16. Cervical Barrier Devices • Diaphragm • Cervical cap • Fem Cap • Lea’s Shield

  17. Cervical Barrier Devices • Diaphragm • Cervical cap • Fem Cap • Lea’s Shield

  18. Intrauterine Devices • Affect sperm motility & viability • Thicken cervical mucous • Alter endometrial lining • Impair tubal motility

  19. Intrauterine Devices

  20. Emergency Contraception • Hormonal: • Birth control pills taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse • Copper-T: • Inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex • Access Issues

  21. Emergency Contraception

  22. Fertility Awareness Methods • Standard days method • Mucus method • Calendar method • Basal body-temperature

  23. Basal Body Temperature

  24. Female Sterilization

  25. Male Sterilization: Vasectomy

  26. Nursing: A Less than Effective Method of Birth Control • Amenorrhea is common for a brief period after birth while breastfeeding • 80% ovulate before first period

  27. Withdrawal Before Ejaculation: A Less than Effective Method • Difficult to judge when to withdraw • Anxiety may lower pleasure • Cowper’s gland fluid may carry sperm • Any sperm on vulva may travel into vagina/uterus • Unreliable

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