1 / 22

Understanding Arrhythmias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Arrhythmias are common heart rhythm disorders with various causes, symptoms, and diagnostic challenges. Learn about cardiac and noncardiac triggers, symptoms like palpitations and chest pain, and diagnostic tests for accurate identification. Explore treatments for common arrhythmias like bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and ventricular tachycardia. References from reputable sources included.

deshotel
Download Presentation

Understanding Arrhythmias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Arrhythmiasintroduction Domina Petric, MD

  2. Arrhythmias are • common • oftenbenign • oftenintermittentcausingdiagnosticdifficulty • occasionallyseverecausingcardiaccompromise

  3. Causes Cardiac Noncardiac caffeine smoking alcohol pneumonia drugs metabolicimbalance phaeochromocytoma • myocardialinfarction • coronaryarterydisease • leftventricleaneurysm • mitralvalvedisease • cardiomyopathy • pericarditis • myocarditis • abberantconductionpathways

  4. Noncardiaccauses • Drugsthatcancausearrhythmias are β2-agonists, digoxin, L-dopa, tricyclics, doxorubicin. • Metabolicimbalance: K+, Ca2+ ,Mg2+ ,hypoxia, hypercapnia, metabolicacidosisandthyroiddisease.

  5. Symptoms • palpitation • chestpain • presyncope, syncope • hypotension • pulmonaryoedema • asymptomatic

  6. O History • Past medicalhistoryandfamilyhistory! • Precipitatingfactors! • Associatedsymptoms: chestpain, dyspnoea, collapse. • Nature: fast or slow, regular or irregular. • Duration! • Drug history! • Onset/offset!

  7. Tests • Fullbloodcount! • Urea, electrolytesandcreatinine! • Glucose! • Calciumandmagnesiumions! • TSH!

  8. Tests • ECG • 24 hoursECG monitoring • Echocardiography • Excercise ECG • Cardiaccatheterization • Electrophysiologicalstudies

  9. Parttwo Treatmentoverviewof most commonarrhythmias

  10. Bradycardia

  11. Bradycardia • Temporarypacingwire • Isoprenalineinfusion • Externalcardiacpacing Imagesource: Wikipaedia.org

  12. Sick sinus syndrome Sinus nodedysfunctioncancause: • bradycardia • arrest • sinoatrialblock • supraventriculartachycardiaalternatingwithbradycardia/asystole (tachy-bradysyndrome)

  13. Sick sinus syndrome

  14. Sick sinus syndrome Imagesource: lifeinthefastlane.com

  15. Supraventriculartachycardia Narrowcomplextachycardia (rate >100 bpm, QRS width <120 ms): • vagotonicmanoeuvres • adenosineor verapamiliv. • DC (directcurrent) shockifpatient is compromised Maintenancetherapy: beta-blockers, verapamil.

  16. Atrialfibrillation/flutter

  17. Conversionofatrialfibrillation

  18. Conversionofatrialfibrillation Immediateelectrocardioversion: • transesophagealechocardiography + 5000 IJ LMWH OR • Electrocardioversionafter3 weeksofwarfarintherapy.

  19. Ekg.academy.com Atrialfibrillation Atrialflutter

  20. Ventriculartachycardia (VT)

  21. Imagesource: Healio.com

  22. Literature • OxfordHandbookofClinical Medicine. Longmore M. Wilkinson I. B. Baldwin A. Elizabeth W. Ninthedition. • Wikipaedia.org • Lifeinthefastlane.com • Healio.com • Ekg.academy.com

More Related