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Education in Post-War Afghanistan

Education in Post-War Afghanistan. Presented by Paul Lozowicki. History & Overview. A predominately Islamic country in the M iddle East Has a population of 31.8 million, 42.3% below the age of 14 15 th least developed country in the world Taliban in power from 1996-2001

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Education in Post-War Afghanistan

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  1. Education in Post-War Afghanistan Presented by Paul Lozowicki

  2. History & Overview • A predominately Islamic country in the Middle East • Has a population of 31.8 million, 42.3% below the age of 14 • 15th least developed country in the world • Talibanin power from 1996-2001 • The Taliban enforced Sharia law during its reign • After the 2001 Terrorist Attacks, the U.S. overthrew the Taliban government and the Karzai administration took control • Taliban still holds power in some regions and militant attacks continue today

  3. Taliban’s Education System • 1.2 million were educated in Madrasas • Islamic education for boys • The Taliban restricted education for females • Sought to prevent cross-gender contact • Female teachers and professors were laid off • Still working to prevent girls fromgoing to school today • In 2012, tried to assassinate MalalaYousafzai

  4. The Need to Improve • Literacy rate of 34% (50% for men, 18% for women) • Children who are not in school engagein dangerous forms of child laborand illegal activities • Opium production, agriculture, militias • Socio-cultural norms solidified by the Taliban and years of poor education need to be changed for equality. • Education has a great impact both on one’s health and the economy.

  5. Effects on Health • Afghanistan has a high infant mortality rate of 10.1% • Child malnutrition runs rampant in rural areas • Many children are dependent on a school’s meal program for proper nutrition • Basic education can help children and families stay healthy • Sanitation and proper maternal care • Schools become health centers of communities, and children can often receive treatment at schools.

  6. Effects on the Economy • GDP Per Capita: ~$1,000 (2011) • Unemployment: 38% (2008) • A higher education leads to higher paying jobs, allowing families to escape poverty • As the agricultural sector shifts crops, new farming and planting techniques need to be acquired. • Afghanistan is moving towards more service industries • Need education to build own sources of revenue • Increased literacy rate enables people to think on their own • Women can partake in a new society

  7. Rebuilding the System • Since 2002, Afghanistan has received more than $100 billion from USAID (Congress has appropriated another $16.5 billion) • Foreign aid has resulted in large gains in areas of health and education, although Afghanistan was starting from a low base. • 4,000 new schools with 175,000 new teachers • Nearly 50% of children are receiving a primary and secondary education. That is approximately 10 million students

  8. Obstacles to Education Growth • Corruption is wide spread throughout the government • Ranked 175/177 in the Corruption Perceptions Index • Officials have used foreign aid to live lavish lifestyles • Corruption prevents aid from reaching those who need it most – the people, especially the people in rural villages. • Integrity of school buildings and security • Corruption amongst school officials • Insurgent attacks on Schools harm children and instill fear • Women can be ostracized from their villages or families for attending school in cities. • Low marriage age

  9. Further Development • Afghanistan needs to direct funds to building institutions of higher education • Give aid to students so that they may attend those institutions • Higher wages for teachers to reduce local corruption • Further decentralize, yet strengthen the power of, the Ministry of Education • More women need to be trained as teachers • Currently 31% of teachers are women • Crack down on insurgency to ensure the safety of children • Provide security for schools

  10. Sources • http://www.usaid.gov/afghanistan/education • http://www.who.int/countries/afg/en/ • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html • http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/pdf/Afghanistan.pdf • http://www.unicefusa.org/news/news-from-the-field/feeding-girls-hunger-to.html • http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/findings/2012TDA/afghanistan.pdf • http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:20973595~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html • http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1982319,00.html • http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:23192218~menuPK:141310~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html

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