Social Studies Chapter 11: A Modern Industrial Nation

1. Social Studies Chapter 11: A Modern Industrial Nation By Andre, Cameron, and Howie

2. Today • Today we will be talking about chapter 11 in social studies. • As you read think about how industry and technology affected the country, how the Baby Boom affected Canadian society, what Canadian inventions have contributed in the world, and how fads and fashions can tell you about how young people lived after WWII.

3. Introduction • From 1930 to 1945, the end of World War II, Canadians faced hard times. The Depression left people with no jobs and Canadians had to ration food and fuel. But when war ended Canadians were ready for change. Canada’s economy grew quickly after the war and their population too. This happened because Europe’s countries were torn apart they had to come to Canada. Canada welcomed them because they needed new workers, but before we get to this we will talk about a period after war called the Baby Boom.

4. The Television Many Canadians started buying a new invention called the television set. At first there were very few channels. Programs were only aired a few hours a day. Canadians, however, were so excited by the TV that it didn’t matter if they had to stare at a black and white screen for hours waiting for shows to start.

5. Continued With TV other inventions also started like the fold-out TV table. This was a invention set up in front of TV’s so they could eat while watching TV or waiting. A group of teachers in Toronto worried what TV sets could do to a child’s health. A teacher said “Surely crouching in a chair or stretching out on the floor for hours in a stuffy, overheated living room cannot be good for any child.” Another warned ”What effect will it have on their eyesight?” Still families soon centered around the TV.

6. Toronto and Montreal Subway Toronto and Montreal planned a subway system for so long but couldn’t because of other problems like war and depression. But in 1950 Toronto finally had time for a subway system. Workers discovered a rock bed to build a subway. To make a subway they had to blast the rock bed twice daily with dynamite. The noise was so terrible but people made a jingle to cheer people up.

7. Continued The subway in Toronto opened in 1954. Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau opened their city subway system-The Metro-in 1966. The Metro also had a jingle. Fewer traffic appeared in Toronto and Montreal because of the subway. New offices and buildings appeared near the subway stations.

8. The Industrial Boom After WWII, many things became bigger like cars, families, and cities. Even the country itself got bigger because Newfoundland joined in 1949. For the first time Canadians could afford things like new cars, clothes, vacations, and new inventions like the TV. Lots of this money came from Canada’s natural resources which include: oil, precious minerals, and powerful rivers.

9. Continued Oil was very important during the Industrial Boom because more people bought cars which means more people would need oil. By 1950, the oil industry in Alberta was booming. Another important part was the electrical appliances. Companies like Hydro-Quebec and Manitoba Hydro built giant dams on northern rivers because they knew with all the people buying electrical appliances they would need more electricity and turn to electrical companies like them.

10. Con… Forestry was also very important because families started building new homes which meant they needed more wood. The war gave Canada a head start in manufacturing because they started making tanks, uniforms, and machine guns which soon turned into cars, nylon stocking, and washing machines. Mining helped these things by providing them metal and iron.

11. Aboriginal People and the Industrial Boom The new industry was good for many people but not everyone. Many of Canada’s Aboriginal People found that mines, pulp mills, and hydroelectric projects were ruining their way of life. Hydro companies flooded their land. The flooding destroyed sacred grounds, wild-rice areas, and long standing villages. Forests were cleared by pulp and paper companies. This caused animals, Aboriginal food, to move elsewhere. Mining and paper companies polluted water and land.

12. The Industrial Boom Part 2 In 1962 an American biologist named Rachel Carson wrote a book called Silent Spring. The book showed how factories caused pollution was poisoning air, rivers, and wild life in USA and Canada. Industry may be good for making money but very bad for nature and the Earth. Another effect the industry caused was farmers moving to big cities and leave farming.

13. Continued Before the Industrial Boom, 38% of Canadians lived in rural areas. Half of Canadians still didn’t have refrigerators. Many people still used wood-burning stoves to cook their food. Many did not have toilets that could flush or running water. All that changed in the 1950s, more than 4 million people moved into the city because they thought people offered more jobs and that life would be easier.

14. The Anishinabe of the Grassy Narrows Reserve The English-Wabigoon River flows into Grassy Narrows First Nation in northwest Ontario. For many years the Anishnabe people who lived there had profitable fishing businesses. In the 1950s and 60s many people worked as fishing guides for tourists. But upstream, 160 km away in Drydan, Ontario, a paper mill dumped mercury waste into the river.

15. Continued The pollution spread all the way to the Grassy Narrows that fish were poisoned in the river. By 1970, the English-Wabigoon River was so polluted that people couldn’t eat the fish anymore. Tourists no longer went there for fishing trips. The guides became poor because the tourists left and they couldn’t guide anyone. The people of the Grassy Narrows became very sick because they ate the poisoned for so long.

16. Cont… The story of the English-Wabigoon River shows how and industry can destroy the environment, a person’s way of life, or the person himself.

17. Alberta Strikes Oil During the depression provinces of Canada were very poor just like Alberta. In February 1947, a man named Vernon Hunter drilled for oil in Leduc, Alberta. Hunter found so much oil that Alberta went from nothing to lots of riches. Oil barons moved into Western Canada and found more oil. Billions of dollars soon came to Alberta. This moment in history made Alberta one of the richest provinces in Canada.

18. Canadian Inventions Canadians invented many things. Some of the inventions are known all over the world because it helped people live better. Some are a little bit unusual. But all of them still show how creative a Canadian can be. The canoe, kayak, snow goggles, snowshoes, and the game lacrosse

19. Cont. Armand Bombardier, of Quebec, invented the snowmobile. The world can also thank Canada for Pablum baby food, the paint roller, ginger ale, and table hockey. In the early 1950s, Harry Wasylyk of Winnipeg, invented disposable garbage bags. It was made for hospitals because the Winnipeg General Hospital was concerned with cleanliness. They used garbage cans which had to be washed over and over again.

20. Continued An American company bought the idea and used it in the the late 1960s for household use. A Canadian invention saved lives of people around the world – the heart peacemaker. The invention was used to regulate uneven heartbeats. It was invented in 1950 by an electrical engineer named Jack Hopps.

21. Con… Years later Dr. Hopps used the invention himself when his own heart needed. Canada also contributed in space exploration. Satellites orbiting Earth needed repairs. There was no way to catch satellites once they are in space. In 1979 a Canadian scientist invented a robotic arm that would grasp broken satellites and pulled them into the space shuttle for repairs. The invention is called the Canadarm.

22. Video of the Canadarm

23. Canadian Inventions Bill Konyk’sPerogie Maker BearproofSuit BearproofSuit Continued

24. Fads of the 1950s and 1960s People can learn a great deal about a time period by looking at everyday fads and fashions. By looking at what was popular and not in the 1950s and 60s we can find out How people spent their money? How young people expressed themselves? How American and British culture influenced Canadian culture?

25. Cont… Most popular fads from Canada came from the US. Canadians loved American products like the Hula-Hoop, Elvis Presley music, and poodle skirts. They enjoyed TV shows like I Love Lucy and the Ed Suvillian Show. At the same time Canadians created some fads and fashions of their own like the La FamillePlouffe which means the Plouffe Family

26. Continued The La FamillePlouffe was broadcasted in French and English TVs. It reached audiences from across the country. In the 1960s all kids wanted Ookpiks. Ookpiks were stuffed sealskin owls made by the Inuit of Kuujjuak, Quebec.

27. Hair In the 1950s many teenage boys copied the hairstyle of Elvis Presley. The girls would have their hair go from ponytails to bobs to beehives. Hair kept getting longer and longer. In the 1960s British became popular and made new fads and styles. Boys grew their hair to turn them into shaggy mop tops. In the late 1960s, many teenagers didn’t agree with the older generation. They grew their hair longer and longer to show how unhappy they were of the Vietnam War. Short hair like the buzz cut of the soldiers meant the opposite.

28. Picture of the Hair Crew Cut The Duck Tail The Mop Top The Hippie The Bob The Beehive

29. 2 More Hairstyles The Afro The Flower Child

30. Marilyn Bell: Canada’s Youngest Hero One night on September 1964, a 16 year old student from Ontario dove into Lake Ontario at Youngstown, NY and started swimming. 21 hours later she came out of the water on the other side in Toronto. She became the first person to swim across Lake Ontario. She instantly became a Canadian sports legend. In 1955 she swam across the English Channel between Britain and France. In 1956 she swam across the Strait of Juan de Fuca in BC.

31. Canada’s First Pop Star In 1957, Paul Anka from Ottawa, became an international pop star. When he was 15, he wrote a song called “Diana” about his Ottawa babysitter, Diana Ayoub. “Diana” became a big hit. Many more hit songs followed and many teenage fans mobbed Anka wherever he went. In Japan they nicknamed him King Paul. Thousands of fans would wait outside his hotel in Japan for his autograph in the middle of a typhoon.

32. “Diana” by Paul Anka

33. Social Welfare • Between 1921 and 1941, 2/3 of Canada lived in poverty. • By 1951 only 1/3 of Canada were poor. • This happened because there were more jobs. • The government, however, couldn’t ignore the people who were still poor. • Many were old and lived in rural areas. • Far too many were Aboriginal or French-Canadian. • New wealth, however, meant that the government of Canada could take care of the needy citizens as well. • It provided programs to help people who needed it. • These included: • Family Allowances • Medicare • Old-Age Pension (introduced in 1951 by Prime Minister St. Laurent

34. Don Messer’s Jubilee One of the most popular TV show in Canadian history was Don Messer’s Jubilee. It was a CBC Canadian music show in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It ran from 1969 ton 1959. More than 3 million people, mostly older viewers, tuned in to watch Don Messer play his Maritime Jigs or on the fiddle.

35. Continued In 1969, when CBC cancelled the show, Messer’s fans were upset. Some of them came across Canada to protest at the Parliament Building in Ottawa. One of the protesters told a journalist, “We in Canada must fight for the Don Messer Show. The young generation and the CBC want to kill it.”

36. Tommy Douglas’ Bad Knee In 1911, when Tommy Douglas was a child in Winnipeg, he fell on a stone and hurt his knee. The injury did not heal properly. Tommy’s family did not have enough money to send him to the hospital. They were new to Canada. They lived in a poor neighborhood in Winnipeg’s North End. Tommy’s Father worked in an iron factory where he was not paid much.

37. Con… Without medical help his knee got worse and worse. He soon walked with crutches. Winter came and his knee was so bad he couldn’t climb over the snow and ice to get to school so someone had to pull him everyday on a sled to get to school. The infection in his knee was so bad that the family had a hard choice to make: to pay for an expensive operation or cut the leg off.

38. Cont… The family had no choice but to cut off his right leg because the operation was too expensive. Douglas almost lost his leg but at the last minute Dr. Robert H. Smith offered to operate the boy for free. Dr. Smith fixed the knee. If Dr. Smith had not been generous, Tommy would have been living the rest of his life with one leg.

39. Cont. Douglas knew he was luckier than most people because most people would have stayed sick, lost their body parts, or would have died. He did not forget this experience. When he grew up he became premier of Saskatchewan. He worked hard to create a government program called medicare. It began on July 1, 1962.

40. Final Part The program provided all of the people in Saskatchewan free medical care – rich or poor – could see a doctor if they were sick. Douglas went to Ottawa in 1962 as leader of the New Democratic Party. He encouraged the federal government to create a nationwide medicare program. In 1966, Prime Minister Pearson set up a medicare program for everybody in Canada, based on Saskatchewan’s example.

41. Did You Know Canada became the 3rd country in the world to send a satellite into space. They followed the Soviet Union and the US. Canada sent Alouette 1 into orbit in 1962 to study the atmosphere. In 1964, the first Tim Hortons doughnut shop was opened in Hamilton, Ontario. Tim Horton, Canada’s “Father of the Timbit,” was a hockey player for the Toronto Maple Leafs when he went into the doughnut business.

42. Conclusion In the 1950s and 60s, many Canadians enjoyed a good life. However, as Canada approached its 100th birthday in 1967, Canadians wanted to do away with inequalities in their country. At the same tome, they wanted to build a new society to reflect modern times. In the process, Canada would see some of the most dramatic events in history.

43. End This is the end of our presentation. Hope you learned something from this presentation and do good in the test.