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By Prof. Lydia Ayers

Meter 2. By Prof. Lydia Ayers. Masmudi. <2:14> Belly Dance from Lebanon Starts in 5/8, A'raj Turki Changes to Masmudi Changes back to 5/8 , A'raj Turki Ends in 3/8, Yuruk <2:15> Oud and Durbecki Rhythm and melody Is some of the rhythm in Masmudi ?. A'raj Turki. Yuruk. Talas.

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By Prof. Lydia Ayers

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  1. Meter 2 By Prof. Lydia Ayers

  2. Masmudi • <2:14> Belly Dance from Lebanon • Starts in 5/8, A'raj Turki • Changes to Masmudi • Changes back to 5/8 , A'raj Turki • Ends in 3/8, Yuruk • <2:15> Oud and Durbecki • Rhythm and melody • Is some of the rhythm in Masmudi? A'raj Turki Yuruk

  3. Talas • Indian rhythm cycles, from 3 to 108 beats! • Teental • 16 beats per cycle (4 measures of 4 beats) Clap X . . . 2 . . . O . . . 3 . . . Count 1 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 3 2 3 4 4 2 3 4

  4. Jhaptal • 10 beats per cycle Clap X . 2 . . O . 3 . . Count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 • <1:24>Ustad Alla Rakha and Ravi Shankar • <3:02> Ustad Alla Rakha • drum syllables • fast playing

  5. left right Ektal • 12 beats per cycle • <3:03> [ii:29] Zakir Hussain and Ustad Alla Rakha, Tabla Duet, with Ustad Sultan Khan, Sarangi • Syncopations, glissandi, syllables, playing near unison Zakir Hussain & Ustad Alla Rakha Clap X . 2 . O . 3 . 4 . O . Count 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 frequently ends with:

  6. Compound Meter • 6/8 — sextuple meter • in slow music • eighth note = one beat • six beats per measure • subgroups of three and three beats • in fast music • dotted quarter note (three eighth notes) = one beat • two beats per measure • subgroups of 3 and 3 beats

  7. Compound Meter • fast 6/8 <1:25>El Jarabe Tapatío (Mexican Hat Dance)

  8. Compound Meter • 6/8 • In 6/8 meter, the accents are different from 3/4 even though the duration values appear to be the same:

  9. Septuple Meter • 7/8 • seven beats per measure • eighth note = one beat • in subgroups of 3 and 2 and 2 eighth notes (less frequently in subgroups of 2, 2 and 3 [i:17]Greek folk music: Bournovalia

  10. Turkish Music • <2:17> 9/8 Rhythm • <2:18>Zaibek dance from Turkey • shows actions of warriors in battle • Instruments: • Oud • Qanoun • Doumbek

  11. A B A C A Blue Rondo A La Turk • <1:26>Dave Brubeck • Turkish rhythm: 9/8 • nine beats per measure • eighth note = one beat • subgroups of 2, 2, 2 and 3 eighth notes • Rondo • Main theme alternates with other themes • Main theme usually lively and easy to remember

  12. Blue Rondo A La Turk • Section A: Main theme, nine beats per measure • Section B: contrasting melody and variations …

  13. Blue Rondo A La Turk • Section C: contrasting rhythm • Section D: melody in 4/4 alternates with main theme in 9/8

  14. <1:27>Blue Rondo A La Turk • Section E: Saxophone improvisation, followed by piano improvisation, both in 4/4 • Section D: melody in 4/4 alternates with main theme in 9/8 • Section A: Main theme • Section B: contrasting melody and variations • Section C: contrasting rhythm

  15. Tempo • how fast the notes move - often given in Italian • metronomes • measure the tempo in beats per minute • scores often have metronome markings for the tempo

  16. Common Tempo Names

  17. Other Tempo Names • for translations of other Italian tempo names, look in any music dictionary, such as: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

  18. Dynamics • loud vs. soft • specify loudness, usually for groups of notes:

  19. Listening Practice • listen to Dave Brubeck, Unsquare Dance M1366 B778 C4K52945 v. 3 (RESERVE) (2:02) • listen to the selection twice • write down everything you hear in it • make a guide to what you hear • hint: notice the bass • read the Listening Guide and listen again, noting anything about it that you didn't hear before

  20. Meter Drills • Insert the time signature:

  21. Meter Drills • Insert the time signature:

  22. Sources • Books • Ralph Turek, The Elements of Music • Kamien, Music, An Appreciation • Machlis & Forney, The Enjoyment of Music • Ibn Hazm Al-Andalusi, Twice Times Then is Now in Arabic and Persian Poems in English by Omar S. Pound

  23. Sources • Videos • Gamelan Degung on JVC Video Anthology of World Music and Dance [M1627.J4 1991 v. 10] • Ravi Shankar in Concert[ML419.S49 R38 1994] • Imperial Splendors, Great Splendors of the World, v. 3[G468.G74 1996, v. 3] • Istanbul[DR728.I772 1994] • Turkey [DR416.T875 1995]

  24. Sources • Live • Hava Nagila, Chants et danses d'Israel, M1810 C43 824952 • Mexican Hat Dance • Bournovalia • CDs • Ustad Alla Rakha and Zakir Hussain, Tabla Duet in Teental • Scott Joplin: Piano Rags, Joshua Rifkin, piano, M22 J67 9791592

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