Access to Mass Media and Use of ICT Life Satisfaction Tobacco and Alcohol Use

1. Multiple Indicator Cluster SurveysData Interpretation, Further Analysis and Dissemination Workshop Access to Mass Media and Use of ICT Life Satisfaction Tobacco and Alcohol Use

2. Background Added as a result of work on adolescents and young people Limited experience (mainly MICS) Both in Women and Men questionnaires

3. Overview of MICS5 contents • Access to Mass Media and Use of Information & Communication Technologies • Exposure to mass media • 1 table for women and 1 table for men • Use of computers and internet • 1 table for women and 1 table for men

4. Background Exposure to influences outside the local community. Can be used as a starting point for any mass media campaigns Exposure to globalinfluences, communication, learning opportunities Even for the less educated • Mass media • Newspapers • Radio • Television • ICT • Computers • Internet

5. MT.1M - Men Individual items All three Percentages do not add to 100

6. Upper middle income country with high level of education

7. Some age differentials • Strong correlation with wealth – due to: • newspaper reading • (2) radio Similar radio and newspaper access, TV universal

8. Further analysis/ Further work A first step for understanding access and exposure; more detail possible May be followed up with more detailed data collection on the nature of exposure to fine-tune media messages – frequency, timing, type Follow-up is applicable in both cases: very high or low percentages Data quality: check with TV ownership, literacy Supplement educational level with media May be used as a valuable independent variable for analyzing outcomes

9. Overview of MICS5 contents • Access to Mass Media and Use of Information & Communication Technologies • Exposure to mass media • 1 table for women and 1 table for men • Use of computers and internet • 1 table for women and 1 table for men

10. Background Exposure to influences outside the local community. Can be used as a starting point for any mass media campaigns Exposure to globalinfluences, communication, learning opportunities Even for the less educated • Mass media • Newspapers • Radio • Television • ICT • Computers • Internet

11. MT.2M - Men Internet use likely to be lower, but fairly close to computer use Ever use Recent use Frequency of use Ever use should always be higher Computer Internet

12. Sharp correlation with age and other background characteristics

13. Further work/Further analysis Check, analyze together with other media exposure May be followed up with collection of more detailed data – social networks, type and nature of use Questionnaire allows more detailed assessment of frequency (almost everyday, once a week, less) Further analyze, compare by gender Supplement educational level with other mass media information May be used as a valuable independent variable for analyzing outcomes

14. Overview of MICS5 contents • Life Satisfaction (Subjective Well-Being) • Life satisfaction and happiness • 2 tables for women and 2 tables for men • Perception of a better life • 1 table for women and 1 table for men

15. Background: Subjective Well-Being Subjective perceptions of well-being play an important role, autonomously from objective conditions, such as income, health Can help create a fuller picture of well-being Life satisfaction: summation of evaluation regarding a person’s life as a whole Happiness – a fleeting, transient condition that can be affected by numerous current factors (weather, recent incident) Life satisfaction and happiness are sometimes used interchangeably

16. Background: Subjective Well-Being • Perceptions of a better life is also an important correlate of both life satisfaction and happiness • All of these (life satisfaction, happiness and perceptions of a better life) complete a large portion of subjective well-being • Life satisfaction included in Human Development Report in 2010 • Reports on a scale out of 10, on job, health, standard of living, purposeful life, treatment with respect, social support network

17. Background: Subjective Well-Being World Happiness Day, since 2012 World Happiness Report, since 2013 New OECD guidelines 2013 – recommendation to all national statistical agencies: Include Life Satisfaction in annual household surveys.

18. SW.1M - Men Individual items reported – very or somewhat satisfied

19. Continued …….. Very or somewhat satisfied

20. SW.2M - Men Satisfied with life, overall: very satisfied or somewhat satisfied Average of responses to overall life satisfaction. Lower scores indicate higher satisfaction levels. Very or somewhat happy

21. SW.3M - Men Hopelessness prevalent among youth in middle income countries The relationship between perceptions of improvement during last year and hope for the next year Women who think their life has been improving and will continue to improve

22. Country example

23. Further analysis Correlate with measures of objective well-being: income, education, wealth Identify groups and compare life satisfaction: Does vulnerability correlate with life satisfaction? Correlate happiness and perceptions with tobacco and alcohol abuse Use as dependent variables: Determinants of satisfaction, happiness, and hope

24. Further analysis

25. Overview of MICS5 contents • Use of tobacco and alcohol • Tobacco (cigarette, tobacco) • 1 table for women and 1 table for men • Cigarette (only) • 1 table for women and 1 table for men • Alcohol • 1 table for women and 1 table for men

26. Background: Use of tobacco and alcohol • Tobacco: known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, lung and other cancers • Alcohol abuse is a serious problem in many countries. Associated with: • Increasedrisk of accidents, cirrhosis, hypertension, psychological illnesses, and congenital malformations. Aggravates risk of family problems

27. Background: Use of tobacco and alcohol • Information collected: • Ever and current use of cigarettes and the age at which cigarette smoking first started • Ever and current use of smoked and smokelesstobacco products • The intensity of use of cigarettes, and smoked and smokeless tobacco products • Everand current use of alcohol, and intensity of use

28. Background: Use of tobacco Any intensity of tobacco use is considered a (potential) health problem (Indicator 12.1) Intensity is directly correlated with poor health outcomes Early initiation increases length of exposure

29. TA.1M - Men "Any tobacco product" refers to cigarettes, smoked tobacco products, and smokeless tobacco products.

30. TA.2M - Men

31. TA.3M - Men

32. Country example

33. Further analysis Joint analysis of tobacco and alcohol use Correlate with measures of life satisfaction, happiness, perceptions of better life Comparisons of ever and current use of tobacco use may be indicative of reversing trends Sex differentials by social/economic groups Children and mother’s smoking habits Any correlation of alcohol with domestic violence?