Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013

1. Today’s Plan Sept 10, 2013 • Bellwork bonemarkings On your own paper: id functions of the skeletal system. Classwork • Human Skeleton: • General skeleton, classification of bones • Axial vs. Appendicular • Words to describe bone structures • Skull • Assign skull project • 15 minute skull prep time • Learning Targets • I can i.d. structures and functions of axial skeletal system • I can describe processes related to bone development

2. Today’s Plan Sept 11, 2013 • Bellwork bonemarkings On your own paper: id functions of the skeletal system. Classwork • Human Skeleton: • Bone Development • Skull labeling • 15 minute skull prep time • Learning Targets • I can i.d. structures and functions of axial skeletal system • I can describe processes related to bone development

3. Today’s Plan Sept 12, 2013 • Bellwork Concept map and label skull bones On your own paper: id functions of the skeletal system. Classwork • Human Skeleton: • Skull practice • Skull models 20 minute skull prep time • Learning Targets • I can i.d. structures and functions of axial skeletal system • I can describe processes related to bone development

4. Figure 7.17

5. Figure 7.17

6. Functions of Skeletal System • Support Lower limbs, pelvis, vertebrae support upper body. • Body Movement/ Leverage Bones and muscles act as levers • Protection Eyes, ears bones, brain, heart, lungs

7. Functions of Skeletal System 4. Blood Cell production • Hemopoiesis • Begins in yolk sac then to liver and spleen and eventually bone marrow • 2 kinds • Red marrow • Platelets, RBC and WBC • Infants mostly have red marrow • Adults: red marrow is stored in skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae and pelvis • Yellow Marrow • Stores fat • Within long bones

9. Functions 5. Inorganic salt storage • Calcium • Blood clot formation, muscle contraction • Nerve impulses • Phosphorus • Mg • Na • K

10. Two divisions of skeleton • the axial and the appendicular skeleton. • Axial: includes all bones that support organs of the head, neck, and trunk. • 40% of skeleton Axial Skeleton

11. Skull :cranium and facial bones • Middle Ear Bones (3 per ear) • Hyoid bone • Vertebral column • Thoracic cage: ribs and sternum Axial Skeleton Major Components

12. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton. • Pectoral girdle: scapula, clavicle. • Upper limbs: humerus, radium, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges. • Pelvic girdle:coxal bones. • Lower limbs: femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges. Appendicular Skeleton

13. Classification of Bones *Bones are classified according to shape* 1. Long Bones • Consists of a shaft with 2 ends • Humerus, femur, radius, ulna, palms, soles • Short Bones • Cube-like shaped bones • Carpals, tarsals

14. 3. Flat Bones • Thin and usually curved bones • Skull bones, sternum, scapula, ribs • Irregular Bones • Bones that not are long, short or flat • Vertebrae, auditory ossicles

15. Sesamoid Bones • Usually small, round, and flat. They develop inside tendons • Patella • Wormian (sutural) Bones • Tiny bones in skull that lie between major skull bones

16. Bone Markings

17. Depressions and openings allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass Meatus – Canal-like passageway • auditory

18. Sinus – cavity within bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane • skull

19. Fossa – shallow, basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface • Pelvis, scapula, mandibular

20. Fontanel: aka Soft spots

21. Groove – Furrow • Mandibular groove

22. Suture • Interlocking union b/t bones

23. Condyles • Rounded projections • Usually articular surfaces

24. Frontal bone: forehead • Parietal bones: top of the skull • Occipital bone: back of the skull • Temporal bones: side of skull, near ears • Sphenoid bone:base of the cranium • Ethmoid bone: roof of the nasal cavity Cranium

26. Sutures

27. Maxillary bones: upper jaw, hard palate • Palatine bones: hard palate, nasal cavity • Zygomatic bones: cheek bones • Lacrimal bones: orbit of the eye • Nasal bones: bridge of the nose • Vomer bone: nasal septum • Nasal conchae: walls of the nasal cavity • Mandible: lower jaw Facial Skeleton

28. Figure 7.19

29. Figure 7.19

30. Figure 7.21

31. Figure 7.21

32. Figure 7.22

33. Figure 7.22

34. Figure 7.29

35. Figure 7.29

36. Figure 7.29

37. The skull at birth is not fully developed. • Fibrous membranes, fontanels, connect the cranial bones. • The fontanels allow movement of the bones to enable the skull to pass through the birth canal. • The fontanels close as cranial bones grow. Infantile Skull

38. Figure 7.33

39. Figure 7.33

40. Frontal • Spenoidal • Ethmoidal • maxillary Sinuses

41. Cervical vertebrae: seven vertebrae of the neck, includes atlas and axis • Thoracic vertebrae: twelve vertebrae that articulate with the ribs • Lumbar vertebrae: five vertebrae that make up the small of the back Vertebral Column

42. Sacrum: five vertebrae that fuse in early adulthood, part of the pelvis • Coccyx: four small fused vertebrae Vertebral Column Figure 7.34

43. Ribs: twelve pair of ribs attached to each thoracic vertebrae. • Seven pairs: true ribs and attach to the sternum by costal cartilage. • Two pairs: false ribs that attach to cartilage. Thoracic Cage

44. Two pairs: floating ribs that do not attach to the sternum or its cartilage. • Sternum: the manubrium, the body, and the xyphoid process. Thoracic Cage

45. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072919329/student_view0/chapter7/labeling_exercises.html#http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072919329/student_view0/chapter7/labeling_exercises.html#