America's Industrial Revolution: Growth and Transformation

1. Chapter 4 Economic Growth and Westward Expansion Standard 7

2. Industrial Revolution • Refers to a change from hand and home production to machine and factory. • The first industrial revolution was important for the inventions of spinning and weaving machines operated by water power which was eventually replaced by steam. • This helped increase America’s growth. However, the industrial revolution truly changed American society and economy into a modern urban-industrial state.

3. Eli Whitney • In 1794, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin • made the separation of cotton seeds from fiber much faster and made more $$$$ • Southerners started growing more cotton • Also invented interchangeable parts for guns • Each piece could be replaced and traded out • Revolutionized how many things were made in factories

7. The impact of the Cotton Gin on the Amount of Cotton Grown in the South? It Increased

8. The Slave System As cotton grew in the South, so did the need for slaves. In 1790 there were ½ million slaves In 1860 there were 4 million slaves

10. Sectionalism- Division within a nation • South • Plantation system developed • North • Dependent on factories and immigrant labor

11. Crash Course- Market Revolution

12. Chapter 4Section 2

13. Manifest Destiny The 19th Century belief that the U.S. would inevitably expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory. “From sea to shining sea, it is your Manifest Destiny”

14. Manifest Destiny was based on three beliefs The Nation needed more land for its rapidly growing population Americans could bring economic growth and democracy to places where it never existed before Expansion was blessed by God because it was morally right

15. Additions in Territory • In 1845 the Republic of Texas entered the US as a slave state • 1846 Oregon became a territory • 1845- US went to war with Mexico over land • Gadsden Purchase for $10 million • New Mexico, Arizona • 1849- California Gold Rush

16. Reasons why people moved to the west 1. Claim land for farming and land speculation 2. Find new markets for manufactured goods and services. 3. Provide more living space for millions of Americans 4. Locate harbors that could be used to expand trade with China. 5. Seek Employment and avoid creditors after the Panic of 1837. 6. Spread the virtues of democracy

17. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bs2w4lwQRtc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRgLkynmYZs

18. Section 4.3

19. Jacksonian Democracy • Led by President Andrew Jackson, this movement championed greater rights for the common man and was opposed to any signs of aristocracy in the nation. • Jacksonian democracy was the strong spirit of equality among the people of the newer settlements in the South and West. • Non-property owners allowed to vote

20. Jackson’s Beliefs • The Spoil system: • Rewarding government jobs to loyal supporters • Laissez-faire economics: • Government should not regulate or help business • Felt this helped the poorer businessmen • Strict interpretation of the Constitution: • The government only has the power to do exactly what the constitution says • Closed the national bank (caused a depression)

21. Indian Removal • Many believed Indians needed to be removed to fulfill manifest destiny • Jackson allowed federal troops to force the Cherokee out of GA • Trail of tears • Hippocampus

23. Chapter 4 Section 4

24. Reformers-out to change popular culture People in general begin to question the status quo or the way things are “Why can’t we reform/change society and make it better?” is their cry Women especially, begin to question their and other’s place in society and lack of equality, freedom, and humane treatment

25. The Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organize the first American women's rights convention in Seneca Falls New York They issue a Doctrine of Sentiments at the end of the convention that stated all men and women are created equal and calls for female suffrage Susan Anthony – eventually becomes the leader of the women's movement and helps get laws passed protecting women such as …..

26. Laws such as…. Married women can hold property Women can collect their own wages Women can sue in court Women can enter into contracts You’ve come a long way, baby!

27. Public EducationReformMovement Reformers believe that people do bad things because they were not taught to do differently, or lived in bad conditions. Horace Mann believed lack of education kept the poor poorer and made the rich richer. Reformers wanted to equalize the playing field with free mandatory public education Girls’ schools begin opening in 1821 In 1852, Massachusetts becomes the first state to require children to go to school

29. Temperance Movement Many people, especially women, believed that the use of alcohol leads to poor health, crime, and other social problems They tried to outlaw alcohol and eventually do in the 1900’s for a brief period

30. Mental Illness Reform Dorothea Dix realized that the mentally ill were housed in the prisons of the time in shocking conditions She fought to have these people placed in asylums where they could receive proper medical treatment in a more humane manner “Man is not made better by being degraded; he is seldom restrained from crime by harsh measures, except the principle of fear predominates in his character; and then he is never made whole”

31. Influential Abolitionists against Slavery William Lloyd Garrison-One of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society He promoted/wanted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. Grimke sisters- Born on a plantation and came to hate slavery Quakers and the first women to act publicly in a social reform movement, they received abuse and ridicule for their abolitionist activity

32. Abolition-against slavery The Underground Railroad- Abolitionists worked together to set up secret routes for slaves to escape to freedom Harriet Tubman led slaves to Freedom on the underground Railroad Frederick Douglas, an escaped slave, wrote books about slavery and was the head of the Massachusetts Abolitionist Society. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. Helped turn people against slavery People began to politically advocate or ask for an end to slavery in the U.S. hippocampus FD says “Slavery is wrong”