Environmental performance of multi-modal transport chains

1. Environmentalperformanceofmulti-modal transport chains Raul Carlson Sweden

2. Contents • Present Viktoria institute • How environmental performanceof multi-modal transports arecalculated • Someof the difficultieswithcalculating environmental performanceof multi-modal transports • Ongoingeffortstodevelop and harmonizecalculation and reporting

3. Viktoria institute A non-profit IT-research institute located in Gothenburg in Sweden Viktoria institute is part of Swedish ICT, mainly owned by government Focusing on automotive and transport informatics, i.e.: • Electromobility • Cooperative Systems • Open Vehicle • Vehicle Diagnostics • Sustainable Transport Standards and definitions of environmental performance important for guidance and target setting for research, development and innovation.

4. A multi-modal transport Transport User 4PL Transport Forwarder 1 Transport Forwarder 2 Transport Operator Haulier 1 Transport Operator Haulier 2 Transport Operator Haulier 3 Transport Operator RoRo-ferry A B C D E Source: www.transporteffektivitet.eu

5. Study: Environmental performance indicators used in transport chain Transport user Transport mean Katalog, FRIDA, kollektivstrafik(kolla) Transport service Provider(, Carrier, Terminals, Port operators 4PL, forwarder, Carrier (subcontr.) 4PL, forwarder Requirements are communicated and reformulated in a non-standardized way from end customer, through transport chain to vehicles Data is compiled, reported and reformulated in a non-standardized way from vehicle through transport chain to end customer • *Interviews made at • DHL, DSV • SKF, Volvo Cars, Volvo, Autoliv • Within the project EIT • More info: www.effektivatransporter.se

6. Environmentalissuesof transport • Resourceconsumption • Consumptionof fossil fuel • Consumptionofother mineral • Land use • Otherresourceconsumption • Climatechange • Emission of CO2, N2O, Methane, etc • Biologicaluptake • Bio diversity • Direct: Land use, toxicsubstances • Indirect: Climatechange • Human health • Direct: Particles, toxicsubstances, stress, accidents • Indirect: Land use, Climatechange

7. Transport environmental performanceindicators – in linewith ISO 14031 • Resource consumption • Fuel use • Land use • Water footprint • (the latter two much related to bio fuels) • Contribution to climate change: • CO2e emissions • All indicators should be normalized to transport work • Additional indicators may apply • Combustion and motion emissions • Particles • CO • NOx • SOx • (much related to local air quality and regional environmental matters) • Management system: • Existence of PDCA based EMS system • (much related to ability to improve and respond) • Recycling emissions • Metals • Flame retardants • Recycling chemicals • (muchrelatedtoelectric and hybrid vehicles) • Noise and vibrations • No available indicator

8. Current practice: CO2e performance calculation of general multi-modal transport Transport User 4PL • Emission factorsareused, e.g. Defra*: • In the form of CO2e / ton*km per typeof transport • Distance km is calculated on averagedistance • Weight ton is based on average data • Allocationsarebased on averageefficiencyof transport • Distance,weight and allocationarecalculateddifferently by different organizations and companies. • Effortstoachieve standards and harmonized business agreements areongoing. Transport Forwarder 1 Transport Forwarder 2 Transport Operator Haulier 1 Transport Operator Haulier 2 Transport Operator Haulier 3 Transport Operator RoRo-ferry A B C D E *http://naei.defra.gov.uk/emissions Source: www.transporteffektivitet.eu

9. Study: Environmental performance indicators requested in transport chain Transport user Transport mean Katalog, FRIDA, kollektivstrafik(kolla) Transport service Provider(, Carrier, Terminals, Port operators 4PL, forwarder, Carrier (subcontr.) 4PL, forwarder Requirements are communicated and reformulated in a non-standardized way from end customer, through transport chain to vehicles Data is compiled, reported and reformulated in a non-standardized way from vehicle through transport chain to end customer • Studyconclusions: • Manysimilar and partlycompatible environmental performancerequests and reporting • No standard wayto do this, mainlybecause it is inter-sectoralcommunication • Therearemany different approachesongoing (nextslide) • *Interviews made at • DHL, DSV • SKF, Volvo Cars, Volvo, Autoliv • Within the project EIT • More info: www.effektivatransporter.se

10. Transport environmental performanceindicators – in linewith ISO 14031 • Resource consumption • Fuel use • Land use • Water footprint • (the latter two much related to bio fuels) • Contribution to climate change: • CO2e emissions • All indicators should be normalized to transport work • Additional indicators may apply • The actual selection of indicators as well as scope and calculation method needs to be based on agreement (e.g. PCR acc to ISO 14025) • Combustion and motion emissions • Particles • CO • NOx • SOx • (much related to local air quality and regional environmental matters) • Management system: • Existence of PDCA based EMS system • (much related to ability to improve and respond) • Recycling emissions • Metals • Flame retardants • Recycling chemicals • (muchrelatedtoelectric and hybrid vehicles) • Noise and vibrations • No available indicator

11. No common approach – butseveralongoingwork Cleanship index (launched and running) COFRET (EU-project) CEFIC (industryguideline CFP) Odette International (just started international guideline) etc. (Theseare examples. Not an exhaustive list) Eco-efficiency Based on ISO 14045 etc PCRs for EPDs Based on ISO 14025 www.ntmclalc.se Carbonfootprint ’Based on’ upcoming ISO 14067 • Transport specificcalculationmethods and system scope • Localapproaches, e.g. NTM in Sweden, Defra in UK, Grenelle Transport in France • CEN prEN 16258 – “Standardisationof calculation and declaration on energy consumptions and GHG emissions in transport services” www.ntmclalc.se naei.defra.gov.uk/emissions www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr Acquistionof data parameters Based on - ISO/TS 14033 - ISO/TS 14048 • Emission factordatabases, different scopes: • Tank towheel (TTW) • Wellto tank (WTT) • Welltowheel (WTW) • Based on ISO 1404ff www.ntmclalc.se naei.defra.gov.uk/emissions www.transporteffektivitet.eu www.cofret-project.eu www.cleanshippingproject.se www.cefic.org www.odette.org

12. Aim to improve CO2e calculation of general multi-modal transport Transport User 4PL Estimation EP acctoagreedmethod Transport Forwarder 1 Transport Forwarder 2 Calculatedaverage EP Average data EP Transport Operator Haulier 1 Transport Operator Haulier 2 Transport Operator Haulier 3 Detailed data EP No EP report Transport Operator RoRo-ferry Detailed data EP A B C D E Source: www.transporteffektivitet.eu

13. Summary • There are some agreement how to calculate environmental performance of transports • Much development work is going on • There are several ISO-standards in the toolbox • More standards may be needed, both sector specific and general

14. Thank you for your kind interest Contact: raul.carlson@viktoria.se