INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS

1. INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS TRANSPORT TEACHING MATERIAL Transparencies 2003 EU-funded Urban Transport Research Project Results www.eu-portal.net

2. DEFINITION • Scales: • Socio-economic environment • Mobility policy • Transport and Land-use Planning • Interchange surrounding area • Interface infrastructure. • Points of wiew: • Policy and Institutional issues • Management and operational issues • Planning, design and implementation

3. OBJECTIVES AND SKILLS • Overview of intermodality • Factors related to “Integration” • Actual tendencies in Interchange

4. 1 Mobility Policy and Transport systems : problem pointed out: T ransport Chains Transport networks 2 Land Use Policy Public Car Walking & Cycling Transport Transport 3 Economic Policy 4 Sociocultural Policy 5 Environmental & Energy Policy

5. CHALLENGES • Sociological challenges • Political challenges • Legal and Regulatory challenges • Technical challenges

6. OVERVIEW • Integrated Transport Chains • Transport System Elements • Transport Interchange: vital role in public transport system • Location of an Interchange in the Transport and Land-use System • Design of the Interchange • Economic Organization, Management and Operation of Transport Interchange • Informationand Mobility Management

7. INTEGRATED TRANSPORT CHAINS • Transport System Elements: • Policy and Institutional issues. • Public transport network. • Management and Operational issues. • Related Elements: • Economic and Institutional environment. • Physical environment. • Local habits and customs.

8. TRANSPORT SYSTEM ELEMENTS AND ISSUES

9. DISFUNCTIONS IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM • High energy consumption. • Traffic congestion. • High level of pollution. • More time spent on travel. • Dissatisfied users.

10. ENCOURAGING USERS TO TRAVEL ON COLLECTIVE TRANSPORT • because it needs less: • energy/passenger and Km • space • and so decrease: • pollution emissions • congestion • time spent on travel • dissatisfaction • the way to achieve it: • actions on all of the transport system elements • actions on the related elements

11. TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE:VITAL ROLE IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM • Transport system gate

12. TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE:VITAL ROLE IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM • Point to change for passengersfrom one mode or service to another • Meeting point for different transport modes and operators

13. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL ISSIUES POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES TRANSPORT SYSTEM TRANSPORT NETWORK INTERCHANGE SURROUNDING AREA INTERCHANGE PLANNING, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE: AN ELEMENT IN THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

14. LOCATION OF AN INTERMODAL INTERCHANGE IN THE TRANSPORT AND TERRITORIAL SYSTEM • Identify long-term consequences: • Land Use policies and development patterns • Rising properties values • Promoting intermodal travel • Effects: • Territorial • Urban

15. TERRITORIAL EFFECTS • Make public transport competitive vs private transport: • Urban sprawl vs compact city • Competition with better roads

16. URBAN EFFECTS • Generation of new demand and activities in and around it. • revitalisation an existing urban area • to support a new development • Objectives: • accessibility • configuration and scale • interaction with the community served • visibility • security

17. DEVELOPING INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORKS • Optimise the use of different transport means to compete in comfort, speed and flexibility with private car, considering the travel as a whole, trying to reduce any perception of breaking its trip for the passenger.

18. DEVELOPING INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORKS • Objectives: • Try to get the longer trips with the most efficient, best capacity, and fastest mean • Optimise accessibility of travel generating centres. • Information: • Demand assessment • Social behaviour of users and non-users

19. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER • Architecture: transparency, visibility and brightness against large and dark corridors, poorly-lit, small and enclosed waiting areas. • Technical requirements

20. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER • Software and Technologies: providing real time information systems for passengers and vehicle control systems.

21. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER • Users groups and needs: elderly, disabled, commuters, planners, service operators.

22. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER • Information systems

23. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: ASPECTS TO CONSIDER • Accessibility:avoiding barriers.

24. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: URBAN DESIGN • Entrance to the Transport System • Image of the city

25. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: URBAN DESIGN • Feeding • Functionality • Without clear limits

26. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Clear axes of visibility between entrances, exits, platforms, etc.

27. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Use natural light, by incorporating transparent and glass surfaces as much as possible.

28. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Platforms and access passages should be wide enough for passengers to feel safe.

29. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Short walking distances • Escalators and lifts should be provided

30. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Disabled and elderly passengers should enjoy an easy and convenient access.

31. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Separated pedestrian flows • Avoiding dangerous situations, and traffic conflicts

32. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Ticketing machines should be located at entrances and concourses

33. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Timetables covering all transport modes should be well located and designed to be easy to consult • Passengers service areas and elements should be built in and clearly identified

34. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Information points with trained staff are very useful for certain passengers

35. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE: INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Parking facilities with areas well protected

36. DESIGNING THE INTERCHANGE:INTERCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE • Park & Ride, Kiss & Ride areas and facilities for disabled people

37. ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION, MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION • Economic Organization, Management and Operation are aspects linked with: • the design • the political, economic and physical environment • Economic Organization, Management and Operation must be orientated to: • Achieve the best working of the interchange • Co-ordinating the operators, services and modes • Managing revenues • Encouraging passengers to use the public transport system

38. ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION • Definition of responsibilities and hierarchy: • Organization of staff at the interchange • Co-ordination of operators and services • Definition of financial structure: • The way it is financed (public/private funding) • Income and revenue management • Options for increasing revenue

39. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: OBJECTIVES • Reduce waiting times • Guarantee intermodality • Improve transport system

40. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS • Establishment of a clear network flow of information amongst different modes and services. • Definition of a timetable schedules and frequencies in order to ensure minimum transfer and waiting times.

41. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS • Control the observance of established timetable. • Give up-to-date, helpful and, above all, reliable information. • Early and detailed advice on alternative services. • Visible availability of staff, to give help and advice. • Efficient handling of reimburse-ment. • Information.

42. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS • Pricing and fares policy: • purchase tickets prior to travel, integrated information, reservation facilities and new technologies (telephone, internet, etc). • multi-modal tickets: electronic tickets.

43. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS • Security and surveillance • Inside the interchange • In the parking lot (car, cycles) • In the surrounding areas

44. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION:ELEMENTS • Maintenance and cleanliness

45. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS • Existence of previous planning that cares for possible incidences and social and economic development. • Complementary services for operators: • Parking for their vehicles • Auxiliary system of exploitation • Areas where drivers can eat, sleep or wait comfortably

46. MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION: ELEMENTS • Complementary services for users: • Information • Shopping, catering and other services • Toilets, telephone, luggage handling, etc.

47. INFORMATION AND MOBILITY MANAGEMENT • Information • Telematics in public transport • Travel and traffic information service • Mobility management

48. INTERMODAL EUROPEAN TRIP

49. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS • A large number of problems about transport can be avoided encouraging the passengers to travel by collective transport modes and the way to get it is: • making the public transport system more efficient. • promoting and marketing the public transport system benefits. • Intermodality is the element that allows to increase the number of combinations and possible journeys. • The interchange is the place where the passengers change the transport mode. • The transport interchange success is based on a good location and design as much as on adequate management, efficient information supply and persuading people to change their habits.These closely linked aspects must be considered from the beginning.