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Decolonization and Globalization

Decolonization and Globalization. China after Mao Zedong. Essential Question : How did China evolve in the years after Mao Zedong’s death? Warm Up Questions. Mao Zedong ruled China’s Communist Party from 1945 to 1976.

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Decolonization and Globalization

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  1. Decolonization and Globalization China after Mao Zedong

  2. Essential Question: • How did China evolve in the years after Mao Zedong’s death? • Warm Up Questions

  3. Mao Zedong ruled China’s Communist Party from 1945 to 1976 Mao’s Great Leap Forward & Cultural Revolution were strict socialist programs Even though Mao split with the USSR & began relations with the USA, China remained a strictly-controlled communist nation

  4. In 1976, Mao died & was succeeded by moderate Communist leaders In 1978, Deng Xiaoping took over China & began new economic reforms

  5. Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms were called the Four Modernizations & involved using capitalist ideas to help improve the Chinese economy Goal #1—AgricultureEnded collective farms & allowed farmers to rent land and grow crops for a profit Price index for farm outputs Goal #3—DefenseModernized the military & built more nuclear weapons As a result, food production increased by 50% Goal #4—TechnologyInvested in education, built a space program, & welcomed foreign technological ideas Goal #2—Industry Allowed private businesses, relaxed controls over gov’t-run factories, & let foreign companies open in China As a result, incomes rose & Chinese bought consumer goods, like TVs & appliances

  6. These economic reforms led to a boom in the overall Chinese economy; In 2010, China passed Japan & became the #2 economy in the world

  7. Deng’s reforms had unintended consequences for Chinese society China’s emphasis on education & the influx of Western companies led many Chinese to learn more about democracy & question their own lack of personal freedoms Thousands of students demanded democracy & protested in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square in 1989 student leader Wang Dan in Tiananmen Square calling for a city wide march.

  8. Chinese soldiers & tanks attacked the crowd, killing hundreds of protestors The Chinese gov’t arrested & executed leaders of the protest Check out this fun link to see what web sites are censored in china http://www.greatfirewallofchina.org The Communist Party increased control over citizens by repressing pro-democracy demands, censoring the media & information, & repressing freedom of speech

  9. In 1997, Great Britain returned Hong Kong to China after ruling the colony for 155 years Under British & Chinese control, Hong Kong served as a major commercial & financial center

  10. China has one of the fastest growing economies in the world; Others include Brazil, India, Russia(BRIC nations) But, China has a low wage work force, large gap between rich & poor, few personal freedoms, & human rights violations

  11. China Today Introduction to Diane Sawyer’s report on the “Stunning Economic Growth of China” (5:37) Diane Sawyer’s full report on the “Stunning Economic Growth of China” (20:00) Video on “Manufacturing & China’sEconomic Growth” (2.41)

  12. Decolonization in India and Africa

  13. Essential Question: • What was decolonization & how did decolonization impact India & Africa?

  14. The Post-World War II World • What will happen in world history in the years after World War II (1945—today)? • Examine the next four images & make a prediction about what will happen in the world after World War II (with exception to the Cold War) • Be prepared to discuss your answers

  15. Nations in India, Southeast Asia, & Africa gained independence from imperialists (decolonization)

  16. After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, China adopted some capitalist reforms but the gov’t still strictly controlled personal liberties

  17. Trade became more global (known as globalism) as technology expanded, markets grew, & corporations became dominant business organizations

  18. Ethnic conflicts, genocide, & terrorism increased throughout the world

  19. At the end of World War II, many nations in Africa & Asia gained independence from European imperialists This trend was known as decolonization The first major colony to gain independence was India in 1947

  20. Title During the First World War, India sent troops to fight with the British against the Central Powers in Europe The British gov’t promised Indians self-rule as a reward for participating in WWI • Text When the war ended & self-rule was not granted, nationalism & demands for independence increased

  21. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as the leader of the Indian independence movement in the 1920s Gandhi urged Indians to use non-violent means to achieve their goals Gandhi’s tactics included deliberately breaking unfair British laws (called civil disobedience) Gandhi encouraged peaceful protests & boycotting British goods in order to hurt the British colonial economy

  22. Title In 1935, British granted India limited self-rule but not total independence But, self-rule created tensions between the Hindu majority & the Muslim minority who feared giving power to Hindus

  23. Title When World War II broke out, Britain committed Indian troops to the war with asking India’s self-governing assembly This led to protests & renewed calls for independence from Britain • Text When World War II ended in 1945, Britain was in debt & ready to grant India its independence But, violence between Hindus & Muslims made granting independence difficult

  24. Title In 1947, Britain agreed to a partition (division) of India & granted independence to two nations: India & Pakistan • Text During the partition, 10 million people relocated; Violence broke out leaving 1 million dead, including Gandhi who was assassinated in 1949 Pakistan was dominated by Muslims (East Pakistan later became Bangladesh ) India was a nation made up largely of Hindus

  25. Title In 1947, India became the world’s largest democratic nation; Jawaharlal Nehru was elected India’s first prime minister • Text Nehru emphasized democracy, unity, & modernizing India In the Cold War, India was a leader among non-aligned nations In 1966, Nehru’s daughter, Indira Gandhi, was elected prime minister Under Nehru, women & lower caste Hindus gained rights

  26. Title • Text

  27. Click here for a brief video on “INDIA TODAY” and identify three characteristics of India in the 21st century

  28. Essential Question: • What was decolonization & how did decolonization impact India & Africa?

  29. In the 1950s & 1960s, African colonies experienced decolonization & gained independence The first sub-Saharan African colony to gain its independence was Ghana in 1957

  30. As a imperial power, Britain conquered much of Africa including Gold Coast After WWII, Britain allowed Africans in Gold Coast to participate in local self governments Starting in 1947, Kwame Nkrumah used Gandhi’s non-violent strategy of boycotts & strikes to pressure Britain to grant independence

  31. Nkrumah supported Pan-Africanism (unity among Africans) & hoped to create a “United States of Africa” After a decade of struggle, Britain granted Gold Coast independence in 1957 & the nation was renamed Ghana Kwame Nkrumah was elected president-for-life & began an ambitious series of road, education, health programs In 1966, Nkrumah was overthrown & Ghana struggled between military & civilian rule until elections were finally held in 2000

  32. Unlike Ghana, demands for independence in South Africa were led by white colonists When South Africa gained independence in 1931, white Afrikaners gained power & create a policy of apartheid Apartheid laws created strict racial segregation between blacks & whites

  33. Black South Africans protested apartheid & often violent riots broke out

  34. The anti-apartheid leader was Nelson Mandela In 1964, Mandela was arrested & given a life sentence for opposing apartheid laws In the 1980s, many foreign nations refused to trade with South Africa in protest of apartheid

  35. In 1990, new South African President F. W. de Clerk released Mandela from prison South African parliament repealed all apartheid laws & announced the first multiracial election in 1994 Nelson Mandela won the election & became South Africa’s first black president South Africans adopted a new constitution with a Bill of Rights that guaranteed equal rights for all citizens

  36. Not all African independence movements ended with democracy or without bloodshed After gaining independence, Nigeria erupted in an ethnic civil war In Congo, a series of civil wars weakened the newly-formed nation Ethnic divisions weakened Kenya’s government & led to violence & rule by dictators

  37. Among the worst examples of violence in Africa is the genocide (mass killings) in Rwanda & Sudan In Darfur, the Sudanese gov’t killed up to 400,000 Muslims in an attempt to destroy an anti-gov’t rebel movement Link to video on Rwandan genocide (3.00) In Rwanda, ethnic conflict between rival clans led to the Hutus massacring between 500,000 & 800,000 Tutsi in 1994 Link to video on Darfur genocide (5.00)

  38. Genocide in Africa U.N. Peacekeeping Interventions, 1945-2009

  39. The Challenges in Africa Today The Aids Epidemic in Africa (Link to NY Times video, 6.00)

  40. The Challenges of Africa (Link to Zimbabwe video, 5.30)

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