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Understanding Esters: Formation, Naming, and Properties

Esters are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol. Learn about how to name esters, their physical properties, solubility, and occurrence in nature. Discover the uses of esters in printing inks and paints.

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Understanding Esters: Formation, Naming, and Properties

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  1. Esters

  2. Esters Esters are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol e.g. CH3COOH + CH3OH = CH3COOCH3 + H2O Ethanoic acid Methanol Methyl ethanoate

  3. Naming esters: methyl ethanoate • The first part of the ester name comes from the parent alcohol with the - anol changed to – yland the second part of the name comes from the parent acid with the - oic acid changed to – oate.

  4. Methyl methanoate HCOOCH3

  5. Ethyl methanoate HCOOC2H5

  6. Methyl ethanoate CH3COOCH3

  7. Ethyl ethanoate CH3COOC2H5

  8. Physical properties • Physical state: Liquid • Boiling points higher than the corresponding alkanes, but lower than the corresponding alcohols

  9. Physical properties • Soluble in water and non-polar solvents such as cyclohexane • As the number of carbon atoms in a molecule of the ester increases, solubility in water decreases, while solubility in cyclohexane increases

  10. Occurrence and uses of esters • Occur naturally in fruits – are responsible for their flavours - • and flowers – are responsible for their pleasant smells • Fats and oils are naturally occurring esters of long chain carboxylic acids • Ethyl ethanoate is used as a solvent for printing inks and paints

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