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Esters

30/07/2014. Esters. L.O. I know that cosmetics can be made naturally and synthetically. I know how an ester is made and some uses for them. Starter. In backs of books name 10 things that have perfume added to them. Air freshener. Shampoo. Disinfectant. Deodorant. Body spray .

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Esters

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  1. 30/07/2014 Esters L.O. • I know that cosmetics can be made naturally and synthetically. • I know how an ester is made and some uses for them.

  2. Starter In backs of books name 10 things that have perfume added to them Air freshener Shampoo Disinfectant Deodorant Body spray Washing up liquid Candles Fabric Conditioner Hair spray Conditioner

  3. What Makes a Good Perfume Non-toxic Does not poison Does not irritate the skin Can be put directly on the skin Does not react with water Does not react with perspiration Evaporates easily - volatile Perfume particles can reach the nose Cannot be washed off easily Insoluble in water

  4. How are Cosmetics and Perfumes Made? Cosmetics and perfumes can be made from natural sources. (can you name any?) For large scale cosmetic production perfumes are more commonly made synthetically ( made by human action) e.g. roses, lavender and pine trees

  5. Making a Perfume To make a perfume a chemical called an ester is made. An alcohol mixed with an acid makes an ester. Alcohol + Acid Ester + Water ethanol propanoic ethyl propanoate butanol ethanoic butyl ethanoate propanol butanoic propyl butanoate methanol ethanoic methyl ethanoate

  6. Making a Perfume • ESTERS: Ethyl ethanoate, an ester,  is formed by the reaction of ethanoic acid with ethanol e.g. • ethanoic acid + ethanol ethyl ethanoate + water • + + H2O • Its an equilibrium, and starting with the pure acid plus pure alcohol you get about 2/3rds conversion* to the ester, and the reaction is catalysed by a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid. • *This means a yield of about 67% in the 'atom economy'. • If the ester is warmed with water or any dilute acid (faster), it changes back into the original acid and alcohol. This reverse reaction is called hydrolysis i.e. • ethyl ethanoate + water ==> ethanoic acid + ethanol • whereas esterification is • ethanoic acid + ethanol ==> ethyl ethanoate + water • (more on reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium) • Esters are usually sweet smelling and widely used as fragrances (e.g. perfumes) and food flavourings

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