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New Centers of Civilization

New Centers of Civilization. Chapter 2 Section 3 . The Roles of Nomadic Peoples. Although civilizations are abundant, some people remain pastoral nomads Viewed as hostile outsiders, barbaric Often helped transportation of technology with trade . Indo-Europeans .

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New Centers of Civilization

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  1. New Centers of Civilization Chapter 2 Section 3

  2. The Roles of Nomadic Peoples • Although civilizations are abundant, some people remain pastoral nomads • Viewed as hostile outsiders, barbaric • Often helped transportation of technology with trade

  3. Indo-Europeans • a particular group of people who used a language derived from a single parent tongue. • Around 2000 B.C. travel Asia Minor (Turkey) • 1750 B.C. form Hittite kingdom • Capital Hattusha

  4. Hittite Kingdom • Challenge Egypt for power • First to use iron • Destroyed by the “sea peoples”

  5. The Phoenicians • Came to power after fall of Egyptians and Hittites. • Located in Palestine (a region) along Mediterranean Sea • Traders of purple dye, glass, and lumber

  6. Phoenicians Legacy • Phoenician Alphabet • Passed on to Greeks, eventually becoming Roman alphabet that we use today • 22 characters or letters

  7. The Israelites • Founders of Judaism • Later influences Christianity and Islam • Hebrew Bible, known to Christians as the Old Testament

  8. The Israelites • Biblical accounts not proven • Is known that they emerge as a distinct group between 1200 and 1000 B.C. • Form a united kingdom known as Israel

  9. King Solomon • Ruled from 970 – 930 B.C. • Control over all of Palestine • Jerusalem is capital • Best known for his temple • Eventually overrun by the Assyrians

  10. Spiritual Dimensions of Israel • One God = Yahweh • This is known as monotheistic • Jews must obey law of God, known as the Ten Commandments

  11. The Rise of New Empires Chapter 2 Section 4

  12. The Assyrian Empire • Empire by 700 B.C. in Mesopotamia • Great communication established • A question answered by king within 1 week (HAHA)

  13. The Assyrians • Ashurbanipal • Considered the greatest Assyrian King. • He collected the writings of Mesopotamia and est. the great library of Nineveh

  14. Nineveh

  15. The Assyrians • Very brutal • Short lived empire, ends by 612 B.C.

  16. The Persian Empire • Lived in what is now southwest Iran • Cyrus captured Babylon, allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem. • Was known for mercy

  17. The Persian Empire • Split into 20 provinces called satrapies • Had Royal Road • Advanced and large military • The Immortals, elite force of 10,000

  18. The Persian Fall • High taxes lower loyalty • Persian Kings promiscuous • Example King Artaxerxes II had 115 sons • Conquered by Alexander the Great in 330s B.C. King Xerxes of the Persians in “300”

  19. Persian Religion • Zoroastrianism • Original Religion of the Persian Empire • Zoroaster • Founder and Prophet of the Religion. Also known as Zarathustra. • Book: ZendAvesta, the recorded teachings of Zoroaster. • Monotheistic • Taught belief in one universal, all-powerful god. • Ahura Mazda • The god of Zoroastrianism

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