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Monasteries became centers of civilization and evangelization.

Invading G ermanic tribes from Northern E urope led to the fall of the western Roman Empire. Rome was captured in 476. Muslim armies from A rabia and united under Mohammad’s religion Islam, conquered much of the Middle East, Northern A frica and Spain.

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Monasteries became centers of civilization and evangelization.

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  1. Invading Germanic tribes from Northern Europe led to the fall of the western Roman Empire. Rome was captured in 476

  2. Muslim armies from Arabia and united under Mohammad’s religion Islam, conquered much of the Middle East, Northern Africa and Spain.

  3. In the Western Roman Empire where the Germanic tribes had become rulers, the invading barbarians tended to live and settle in the countryside…..this lead to feudalism.

  4. Around the same time (and at earlier times too) some Christians left the cities to pursue a holy life away from the busy city. These groups established monastaries.

  5. Monasteries became centers of civilization and evangelization.

  6. Roots of MonasticismAnthony 251-356Father of monasticism-solitary life of prayer and deep thought -lived alone in the desert-hermit

  7. Monastic – living alone, away from the world

  8. Saint Benedict 480-550 BenedictinesFounded Monte CassinoRule of Benedict – guide to monastic life

  9. Benedictine motto“work and prayer”- daily routine divided between manual labor and community -prayer at fixed times throughout the day and night

  10. Liturgy of the Hours 4:30 am Vigils (morning prayer) 6:30 am Lauds (day prayer) 7:00 am Daily Mass 12:15 pm Sext (midday prayer) 2:00 pm None (afternoon prayer) 5:30 pm Vespers (evening prayer ) 7:00 pm Rosary 7:40 pm Compline (night prayer)

  11. Monte Cassino, Italy

  12. Abbey at Cluny,France1. Emphasis on prayer rather than work2. Developed a network of over 100 associated monasteries3. Size and loss of simplicity led to downfall

  13. CisterciansSt. Bernard of Clairvaux-new religious order that was stricter than Benedictines -full routine of prayer and work-little sleep, meager food

  14. Rievaulx Abbey (England) was founded by St. Bernard of Clairvaux in 1132

  15. St. Bernard of Clairvaux1090-1153

  16. Evangelization of EuropeGospel slowly spreads across Europe Evangelization – primarily by the monks (bloodless martyrs) and Popes, Bishops and laypeople

  17. FRANCE Clovis, king of the Franks 496 wins victory and attributes it to God Clovis converts; alliance begins between Church and rulers of France (looking ahead this new alliance will be important to a New Christian Empire under Charlemagne)

  18. SPAIN 589 conversion of Visigoths to Christianity Muslim took over around 700 Christian control of country was regained in 1492 Between 700-1492 Christians lived under the rule of the Moors (Muslims in Spain)

  19. IRELAND • St. Patrick; “Apostle of Ireland” 389-461 • Ireland becomes known for its many monasteries, centers of learning and missionary activity • Irish monks traveled to other parts of Europe to spread the gospel message • St. Columba (521-597) founded Monastic community on the Scottish Island of Iona, later others will travel from here to evangelize Northern England

  20. ENGLAND • 597 Pope St. Gregory the Great sends Augustine (Benedictine monk) sent to convert the Anglo-Saxons • Augustine begins first Benedictine monastery Canterbury, England and converts the King of England • By the 800 all England is Catholic

  21. GERMANY and SCANDINAVIA • St. Willibrod (658-739) evangelizes Netherlands • St Wynifred (also called St. Boniface) (675-754) Evangelizes Germany, monasteries begin in Germany • St. Ansgar (801-865) begins evangelization of the Danes, Swedes and Norwegians

  22. EASTERN EUROPE • Two Greek brothers Cyril and Methodus brought gospel to Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs, Poles, Ukranians and Russians • St. Stephen, first Catholic King (Magyars) 1000AD

  23. By 1300 all of Europe was at least nominally Christian!!

  24. New Christian Empire 753 Pope St. Stephen II seeks help from the Franks to aid him in protecting Italy from an invasion by the Lombards, the agreement is made 754 Pepin (a lesser ruler in France) asks the Pope to name him King of France Pepin gives the Pope control over a large section of central Italy (later known as the Papal States)

  25. 768 Pepin divides France so that each of his sons can rule half771 one son dies and the other, Charles, become ruler of all France.Charles fulfills his father’s commitment to protect Italy from the LombardsCharles succeeds and is now also King of the Lombards!

  26. Charles is now called “Charles the Great” – CharlemagnePope Leo III on Christmas Day 800 places a crown on Charlemagne’s head and declares him emperorof the Holy Roman Empire

  27. Crown of Charlemagne

  28. SCHISM of 1054 Schism – split Background: ongoing political and cultural tension and distrust between the East and Western Church East thought West was “barbaric” East had not been invaded by barbarians Constantine was crowned for all the Empire, but the East already had an Eastern Emperor in Constantinople

  29. Western church had added a phrase to the CreedEastern Church had tried to increase their control over the Church in the WestProblems existed on both sides!

  30. The schism occurs; and has never been healed, Even today the Eastern and Western Church still share the same basic creed, moral code, liturgical tradition and sacramental practice.

  31. www.timetravel-britain.com/.../abbeys.shtml

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