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RISE OF THE EMPIRE

RISE OF THE EMPIRE. TIBERIUS AND GRACCHUS. Brothers Tribunes Proposed Reforms Limiting size of estates Giving land to poor Most land destroyed by Hannibal Strongly apposed by Senate Both were violently killed Civil War followed. RISE OF ARMIES. Generals of Roman Armies

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RISE OF THE EMPIRE

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  1. RISE OF THE EMPIRE

  2. TIBERIUS AND GRACCHUS • Brothers • Tribunes • Proposed Reforms • Limiting size of estates • Giving land to poor • Most land destroyed by Hannibal • Strongly apposed by Senate • Both were violently killed • Civil War followed

  3. RISE OF ARMIES Generals of Roman Armies • Started recruiting more soldiers • Poor, landless people • Offer money and land for service • 88-82 BC • Marius vs. Sulla • 6 years of Civil War for control of Rome • Sulla becomes Dictator of Rome

  4. TRIUMVIRATE • 60 BC • Power of 3 • Caesar – Commander of Army • Pompey – Popular with the masses • Crassus – the Richest Roman • Pompey married Julia, Caesar’s cousin

  5. JULIUS CAESAR • Great military General • Conquered Gaul • Expanded Empire to Atlantic Ocean • After Sulla’s Death, Caesar heads back to Rome

  6. CAESAR KIDNAPPED • Traveling through Aegean Sea • Pirates attack and kidnap Caesar • Demand 20 talents of Gold • Caesar says he is worth 50 talents • Ransom is paid • Caesar promised he would crucify the Pirates • With Fleet, he captures and Crucifies all of them

  7. FALL OF TRIUMVIRATE • Julia dies during childbirth • Crassus dies in Parthia • Caesar offers niece to Pompey to remarry • Pompey rejects • Pompey marries Cornelia, daughter of Metellus, enemy of Caesar

  8. POMPEY vs. CAESAR • Pompey and Senate order Caesar to disband legions in Gaul • Jan 10, 49 BC • Caesar marches across the Rubicon River • Forbidden for any army to cross • Act of Civil War • Pompey fled the city of Rome • Caesar enters city, named Dictator

  9. Caesar pursued Pompey into Hispania • 27 day march • Caesar defeated Pompey’s generals • Returned to Greece to fight Pompey • Battle of Dyrrhachium • Caesar outnumbered 2:1 • Caesar destroys Pompey’s army • Pompey flees to Alexandria • Pompey Killed by general of Ptolemy VII

  10. CAESAR IN EGYPT • Ptolemy VII • Pharaoh of Egypt • Wife and SISTER Cleopatra VII • At war with each other • Caesar sides with Cleopatra • Gives her power • She bears his only son • Ptolemy XV Caesar

  11. DEATH OF CAESAR • Returned to Rome 45 BC • Names Octavian (grand-nephew) successor • Reforms • No Roman between 20-40 yrs old could leave Rome for more than 3 years unless on military assignment • If wealthy kills poor, wealth was confiscated

  12. Named Dictator for remainder of life • Senate • Disliked reforms • Did not want dictator • Believed Caesar had too much power • Set up fake petition to get Caesar to come to the Forum of the Senate • Mark Antony, Caesar’s right hand man, tried to warn Caesar of the plot to kill • Caesar was stabbed by Brutus and other senators

  13. AFTERMATH OF DEATH • End of Republic • Octavius becomes leader at 19 • 2nd Triumvirate • Octavius • Mark Antony • Lepidus • Octavius and Mark Antony lead army against Brutus in Greece • Defeat Brutus in Philippi

  14. Q&A • Who were Tiberius and Gracchus? • Describe Caesar’s kidnapping. • Who made up the 1st Triumvirate? • How did Caesar declare war? • Who killed Pompey? • What did Caesar do in Egypt? • Who killed Caesar? • Who made up the 2nd Triumvirate?

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