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Rise & Fall of the Ottoman Empire

Rise & Fall of the Ottoman Empire. Rise of the Empire. Began in the 1300s (14th century) by a Prince named Osman Grew into a large Empire and lasted for about 600 years The army was key to the Ottoman’s expansion

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Rise & Fall of the Ottoman Empire

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  1. Rise & Fall of the Ottoman Empire

  2. Rise of the Empire • Began in the 1300s (14th century) by a Prince named Osman • Grew into a large Empire and lasted for about 600 years • The army was key to the Ottoman’s expansion • Christian boys, they took as slaves from conquered towns, were converted to Islam and trained as soldiers • Boys were called janissaries • Used new weapons and gunpowder

  3. Ottoman Janissaries 1522

  4. A New Capital City • 1453, Mehmed II and his Ottoman army defeated the Byzantine Empire / took the Christian city of Constantinople • renamed it Istanbul (can’t have a Muslim city named for a famous Christian) • became the capital of the Empire • turned the churches into mosques • After Mehmed II, other Ottoman sultans continued to conquer other lands (farther into Southwest Asia, north Africa, and into Europe thru the Bulkans/Greece)

  5. Golden Age • The golden age of the Ottoman Empire was under Suleiman I • 1520-1566 • Known as the “Magnificent” or the “Lawgiver” • Established a code of justice • Conquered more lands in Europe, North Africa, and into eastern Southwest Asia • Loved and supported the arts and architecture • Vast trading and a wealthy empire

  6. 1609: French Map of the Ottoman Empire

  7. Decline of an Empire • Ottomans’ technology begin to fall behind Europe • When the Ottoman Empire reached it’s height, other empires attack the Ottomans and/or conflict arises within the Empire • Fighting causes the Empire to loose it land • a group of Shia Persians (modern day Iran), known as Safavids, began to fight with the Ottomans • The conflict arose out of the old Muslim debate over who should be the caliph (most Ottomans were Sunni) • Mughal Empire (Northern India) attacks from the east • Russia takes the land to the North • Napoleon and the French invade Egypt, then Egypt becomes a British colony (importance of Suez Canal) • Greece gains independence during the Crimean War

  8. Map of Lost Ottoman Land

  9. Ottoman Empire & WWI • What’s left of the Ottoman Empire enters WWI (1914-1918) on Austrian-Hungarian Empire & Germany’s side (Central Powers) • motive was to regain some of the land they lost. • In 1916, France and UK agreed on how to divide up the Ottoman Empire if their side (Allied Powers) won the war: known as Sykes-Picot Agreement.

  10. Results of WWI • When the Ottomans and the rest of the Central Powers lost… • The Sultanate (1922) and the Caliphate (1924) ended • Republic of Turkey was created out of the Ottoman Empire 1923 • All the land that was under the control of the Ottoman’s was given to France and UK as a mandate (its like a colony) • British and French Partitioned (divided) the Middle East in to countries based on the resources and physical features; INSTEAD OF GROUPING ETHNIC GROUPS TOGETHER. • British gained control of Palestine and allowed Jew to move there in large numbers • People of SWA are NOT happy about being controlled by Europeans and most want to have independent nations.

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