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Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome. Aleesha Paddleford EDSP 6644 SPU-Fall 2010. Quick Facts from the National Down Syndrome Society website. Most common occurring genetic condition 1 in every 800 births 5,000 births per year in the United States IQs fall in the mild-moderate range of intellectual disability

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Down Syndrome

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  1. Down Syndrome Aleesha Paddleford EDSP 6644 SPU-Fall 2010

  2. Quick Facts from the National Down Syndrome Society website • Most common occurring genetic condition • 1 in every 800 births • 5,000 births per year in the United States • IQs fall in the mild-moderate range of intellectual disability • Full inclusion for social and educational life • Scientists now feel strongly that it will be possible to improve, correct or prevent many of the problems of DS

  3. History of DS • 1866: John Langdon Down describes a group of children with common traits distinct from other children with mental retardation • “Mongoloids”: Similar to Asian Mongols • 1959: Jerome Lejeune and Patricia Jacobs identify the chromosome connection • Trisomy 21- After the 21st chromosome replication

  4. Causes & Types • Chromosomal Disorder (47 instead of 46 chromosomes) • Nondisjunction (95%) • Extra chromosome is replicated in every cell of the body • Mosaicism (1%) • nondisjunction of chromosome 21 takes place in one of the initial cell divisions after fertilization • Translocation (4%) •  Part of chromosome 21 breaks off during cell division and attaches to another chromosome, typically chromosome 14

  5. Diagnosis (No Prevention) Prenatally • Screening tests • Probability based on blood test, ultrasound, & woman's age • Diagnostic tests • Amniotic Fluid, Placenta, umbilical blood • 1% chance of complications • 99% accurate Birth • Physical Traits • Low muscle tone • Single deep crease across the palm • Slightly flattened facial profile • Upward slant to the eyes • Karyotype Test • Draw blood and analyze the chromosomes

  6. Teaching To-Do's • Quality educational programs, a stimulating home environment, good health care, and positive support from family, friends and the community enable people with Down syndrome to develop their full potential and lead fulfilling lives. • Sequence of milestones achieved, rather than the age at which the milestone is reached EARLY INTERVENTION • Birth to age 3 • Physical therapy • Speech and language therapy • Occupational therapy ELEMENTARY & SECONDARY • Inclusion • Self-esteem • Distractions- break up lessons • Speech

  7. Education & Transition • Inclusion Benefits: Improved academic skills, social skills, communication skills and peer relationships • TRANSITION • Assess based on skills • Set realistic long-term goals • Support groups/ Job Coach • Can lead productive lives • Job, Marriage, Family

  8. Future Complications • Life Expectancy: age 25 in 1983 to age 60 today • People with Down syndrome have an increased risk for certain medical conditions such as: • Congenital heart defects • Respiratory and hearing problems • Alzheimer's disease • Childhood leukemia • Thyroid conditions

  9. References Trix, V. (2009, March 21). Teaching tips for children with Down's Syndrome. Retrieved from http://www.brighthub.com/education/special/articles/29680 What causes Down Syndrome?. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.ndss.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=77 What is Down Syndrome. (1995-2010). Retrieved from http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/genetic/down_syndrome

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