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Propaganda for control. Main techniques employed to control thought . One step at a time…. Gradual Change. Ultimate goal = to convince people to act AND believe in single cause: - “Community, Identity, Stability” - BNW - “Unity , unity, unity” – Hugo Chavez
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Propaganda for control Main techniques employed to control thought One step at a time…
Gradual Change • Ultimate goal = to convince people to act AND believe in single cause: • - “Community, Identity, Stability” - BNW • - “Unity, unity, unity” – Hugo Chavez • - “Arbeit MachtFrei” - 1933-45 Nazi Concentration Camps – “Work will set you free.” • - “Realizing Human Sustainability and Progress” – the Zeitgeist Movement • Unity of purpose, solidarity of thought, and conformity of action is desired result. • WHY? = $ and/or Power for groups, corporations, individuals
HOW do you move masses of people in one direction? Change the dialogue
2. Vilify To make it easier for us to accept violating the rights of others Authority builds on out-group bias and explicitly turns the out-group into villains. “Extremistshave controlledthe debate on guns for many years. They will do all they can to preserve a bloodystatus quo. The irrationalityof their approach must be exposed and their powerbroken.” http://seattletimes.com/html/opinion/2002915780_guns07.html http://observer.com/2012/12/appoint-a-gun-czar-now-mr-president/
3. Use pejorative words, even if they are unnecessary or conclusory • Used in conjunction with vilification to inspire distaste in audience • Escalates conflict • Often part of ad hominem attacks Instead of saying someone has an "arrest record" - it is a "criminal arrest record“ OR simply state conclusion intended: The government fingerprinted a "suspected militant fleeing Somalia." He was "fleeing"? How do we know that?
Analysis of Propaganda: Populations • Finland = 5,387,000 • Australia = 22,620,600 • England/Wales = 56,000,000 • Spain = 47,190,493 • Germany = 81,726,000 • Canada = 34,482,779 Total = 247,406,872/545 (2.2%) • U.S. = 313,914,040 (3.1%)
Analysis of Propaganda • Studies across countries - exploit the large variation in crime rates and other conditions • Weaknesses: questionable comparability; contain differences in definitions and reporting • Different social, economic, and political contexts – like social norms – what constitutes murder, for example, versus self-defense
FBI Violent Crime Data • In 2011 = 1,203,564 violent crimes nationwide, a decrease of 3.8% from 2010 • 5- and 10-year trends: the 2011 total was 15.4% below the 2007 level and 15.5% below the 2002 level • Aggravated assaults = 62.4% • Robbery = 29.4% • Forcible rape = 6.9% • Murder = 1.2% (14,442) • Firearms = used in 67.7% murders (9,777) • .81% of violent crimes in U.S. committed with gun
Demographics By Country • Finland = Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6% • Australia = White 92%, Asian 7% • England/Wales = White 91% • Spain = Native Mediterranean/Nordic 88%, Immigrant mix 12% • Germany = German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4% • U.S. = White 79.96%, Hispanic 15.1%, Black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%
Still Not Enough Info to Make Accurate Analysis Among Countries SO WHAT? MISSING INFO ON: • Economic status • Family makeup • Political systems • Crime reporting trends • Age and crime statistics • Urban and rural crime statistics People reporting statistics can be misrepresenting them: On purpose By accident Result = You make decision on incomplete/false basis
4. Draw on Highly Emotional Events PATRIOT ACT GUN CONTROL FEMA FAILURE CITIZENS DEMAND ACTION!!!
5. Acknowledge Counter-arguments But Minimize Them • Ignore counter-arg. makes ppl suspicious • Create straw-man arg. • Example: (Sections 213 + 215) Patriot Act 2001, et al, provides law enforcement with the tools to counter terrorism in U.S. • At passage of law, politicians said would not be used against U.S. citizens. • Execution of warrant can proceed w/o notification, thus violating search + seizure law • Law enforcement can access personal records if they “suspect” criminal activity. • Law enforcement officers not prosecutable for production of evidence as result of searches.
Use of Patriot Act Against U.S. Citizens • FBI issues itself National Security Letters (NSLs) without warrants from court • 8,500 NSLs issued in 2000 but approximately 192,000 issued between 2003-2006. All of the NSLs led to one terror conviction, and in that case, the NSL wasn’t even needed. As of October 12, 2012: Boston, MA police officers make video recordings of peaceful demonstrations and track activists as well as the internal workings of political groups--even when there is no indication of criminal activity or a threat to public safety. Automated License Plate Readers to Drone Surveillance issues drive ACLU concerns over privacy…www.aclu.org
“But, if you have nothing to hide, then you don’t have to worry about the government reading your emails, gathering evidence about your online purchases, or watching your movements from a cam on a drone.” • STRAW MAN ARGUMENT: WHY? • It’s weak and it is not the real issue. • Goalposts move: in other words, what is ok today, may not be ok tomorrow. • Maybe I don’t want Uncle Sam to know I am gay, or I practice voodoo, or that I read dystopian novels – or how I crave Godiva chocolates or that I buy handmade shoes from Pakistan. • What could possibly go wrong here?
6. Avoid providing evidence US Debt Growth In Past 50 Years Current: $16,433,791,850,294.04 2010: $13,178,317,356,215.73 2004: $7,379,052,696,330.32 1999: $5,656,270,901,615.43 1994: $4,692,749,910,013.32 1989: $2,857,430,960,187.32 1984: $1,572,266,000,000.00 1979: $826,519,000,000.00 1974: $475,059,815,731.55 1969: $353,720,253,841.41 1964: $311,712,899,257.30 1959: $284,705,907,078.22 Discretionary spending is spending most likely to be cut rather than mandatory spending that includes Social Security and interest on the national debt. Landrieu avoids this distinction and attacks to divert attention.
7. Create improper connections between claims and evidence Basketball star Bill Walton of the Boston Celtics, recovering from an ankle injury, says that adding meat to his diet turned his life and game around. The 6ft.11in. hoopster was plagued by health problems as a vegetarian throughout his career. But last year, he played 80 out of 82 games as a meat-eater - a record for him. "Adding meat to his diet helped make him physically stronger," says Jeff Twiss, an officer of the Celtics. "The doctors convinced him he needed meat."
Correlation Does Not Imply Causation Cum Hoc Fallacy: Stop Global Warming: Become a Pirate!