The Properties of Matter Lessons 1-3

1. The Properties of Matter Lessons 1-3

2. Question… What do we have in common with a toaster, bowl of hot soup and a glowing neon sign?

3. Anything that has mass and takes up space Matter

4. The amount of space taken up or occupied by an object Volume

5. Measuring Liquid Volume • Graduated cylinder • mL • Meniscus: curve at a liquid’s surface to measure volume

6. Meniscus

7. Volume of Solid • Volume = length x width x height

8. Volume of Irregular Solid • How much does the object displace?

10. Measure of the amount of matter in an object Used with a balance Expressed in Grams (g), kilograms (kg) Measure of the gravitational force of an object, value can change depending on the location of the universe Used with a spring scale Measured in Newtons (N) Mass vs. Weight

11. Physical Properties • property of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance, no chemical change

12. Examples of Physical Properties • Color, Shape, Odor, Texture, Hardness, Elasticity, Malleability, Solubility, Tensile Strength, Brittleness, Density, Thermal Conductivity, State of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume, Cohesion, Adhesion, Surface Tension, Magnetism

13. Solubility • The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance • Example: Flavored drink mix

14. Malleability • The ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets • Example: aluminum foil

15. Cohesion • Attraction between particles of the same substance Examples: • Water droplets on desk • Water drops on a penny

16. Adhesion • Attraction between particles of different substances Examples: • Pour water out of beaker • Petri sticks to window • String and water

17. Surface Tension • Tendency of a liquid to form a skin at the surface (caused by cohesion) Example: • Steel paper clip on water

18. Density • The ratio of mass of a substance to the volume of the substance • Density = mass/volume • D = m/V

21. Magic Triangle

22. Sample Problem • What is the density of an object whose mass is 25 g and whose volume is 10 cm3 ?

23. Sample Problem 2 • A block of pine wood has a mass of 120 g and a volume of 300cm3 . What is the density of the wood? Will this block of wood float in a pool of water? Why or why not?

24. Physical Change • Change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties • Examples: ice cube to water, melted butter

25. Questions to Ask Yourself • Is it still __________? • Does it have the same properties? • Can it be easily reversed?

26. Chemical Properties • Property of matter that describes a substances ability to participate in chemical reactions • Example: Wood burned creates smoke and ashes

27. Chemical Properties • Flammability: ability of a substance to burn • Reactivity: ability of two or more substances to combine to form one or more new substances

28. State: Rubbing Alcohol is a clear liquid at room temperature Flammability: Rubbing alcohol burns easily Physical vs. Chemical

29. Shape: bending an iron nail Reactivity with Oxygen: iron oxide or rust forms Physical vs. Chemical

30. Chemical Change • Change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties

31. Signs of Chemical Change • Change in color or odor • Production of heat • Fizzing, foaming, bubbling (Effervescent) • Sound or light given off

32. Reversal of Changes • Physical: many are easily reversed (melting ice cube) • Chemical: not easily reversed (fireworks exploding)

33. Law of Conservation of Mass • Matter is not created or destroyed but is transformed into other substances