Conflicts in U.S. History

1. Conflicts in U.S. History 1675-Present

2. King Philip’s War 1675-1676 War between Native Americans and colonists in the New England colonies The colonial victory signified the end of Native American resistance in New England Picture to right: Metacom aka King Philip

3. French and Indian War • 1754-1763 • Causes: Rivalry between French and British. Indians will fight on both sides. • With support of colonists and Native Americans the British would win the war (Treaty of Paris 1763) • Effects: The French forfeit dominance of N. America. Colonials lose a lot of respect for the British (quartering troops, Proclamation of 1763, taxation follows)

4. American Revolution • 1775-1783 (Americans) Colonists vs. British • Following Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) • Lexington & Concord: Opening battles • Princeton/Trenton: boosted Patriot morale • Saratoga: Turning point of the War, French support followed • Yorktown: Gen Cornwallis surrenders to Washington • Treaty of Paris (1783) Pushes British to Canada

5. War of 1812 • America vs. British • Considered by many as the 2nd American Revolution • Washington D.C., White House, Baltimore are all burned by British troops • U.S. scores a huge victory at the Battle of New Orleans • Treaty of Ghent ends the war in a TIE!

6. The Mexican War • 1846-1848 • The U.S. annexation of Texas causes tension between the U.S. and Mexico as to where the border lies. So we annihilate Mexico • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the war • Rio Grande becomes Southern border, U.S. gains New Mexico, Arizona, California, pays Mexico $15 million

7. American Civil War • With the new acquisition of lands & a balancing act of free and slave states eventually compromise is no longer an option • The 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln marked a division of regions in the United States.

8. American Civil WarNorth South Grant Lee Sherman Jackson

9. North Advantages: Larger Population More Industry More railroads Disadvantages: Military leadership Must conquer south South Advantages: Home Field Defense Great Military Leadership Disadvantages: Little industry, RR, population, $$$ American Civil War

10. American Civil War Major Battles • Ft. Sumter: starts war • 1st & 2nd Bull Run: Southern Victories • Antietam: N. victory, bloodiest single day in US History • Vicksburg: N. victory, splits Southern states in half by way of the Miss. Rvr. • Gettysburg: Northern victory in Pennsylvan. Turning point of the War • March to the Sea: Sherman (North) burns Atlanta to Savannah; splits the south in half again The End • Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House • North Wins; Reconstruction brings South back into the Union

11. Spanish-American War • 1898 • Causes: • Yellow Journalism, USS Maine sunk • Remember the Maine! • Fighting in Cuba & Philippines • Results: • U.S. gains Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines & Cuba gets independence

12. World War I: 1914-1918 • Causes: Imperialism, Militarism, Nationalism, Alliances, Assassination of Ferdinand • Causes of U.S. intervention: (1917) Sussex Pledge, Zimmerman Note, Lusitania sunk • Fighting leads to a stalemate & Trench warfare • U.S. intervention saves the war for the Allies • Treaty of Versailles ends the war & causes WWII

13. World War II 1939-1945 • Causes: Rise of Fascism & Communism, Japanese & German territorial aggression, appeasement, Invasion of Poland • Hitler will conquer all of Europe (except Britain) in a short amount of time • The U.S. stays out of the war until the Japanese Attack of Pearl Harbor 12/7/41 but will support the British Lend-Lease policy.

14. World War II: European Theatre • Picture shows extent of Axis domination of Europe • Battle of Dunkirk: Rescue of 340,000 Allied troops • Battle of Britain: Air Force saves Britain from Axis defeat • Hitler’s mistake: Germany attacks the Soviet Union

15. World War II: European Theatre • Major Battles: • Eastern Europe: Battle of Stalingrad (Soviets) • Western Europe: D-Day Invasion 6/6/44 • Battle of the Bulge: Last German offensive 12/44 • U.S. & S.U. race to Berlin. • Germany surrenders 5/8/45 (VE Day)

16. World War II: Pacific Theatre • Major Battles: Coral Sea, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa • Turning Point: Battle of Midway; cripples Japanese Air force/navy • 2 atomic bombs dropped @ Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Manhattan Project (Los Alamos) • Japan Surrenders 9/12/45 (VJ Day)

17. World War II: Results • 36 Million Deaths • Europe saved and destroyed • War ends the Great Depression • The United States and Soviet Union would become the 2 world superpowers marking the beginning of the Cold War: 1945-1989

18. Korean War: 1950-1953 • Attempt to ‘contain’ communism in North Korea • North Korea attacks, U.N. and U.S. push them back • Ends in a Tie! • Korea still divided at the 38th parallel

19. The Vietnam War: 1954-1975 • Many presidents participated in Vietnam but Lyndon Johnson would escalate the fighting with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Aug. of 1964 • Troop totals topped out at 536,000 many of which were drafted to fight • North Vietnam: Communist • South Vietnam: Military dictatorship • Protests against the war intensified throughout the late 1960’s

20. Vietnam War • American support for the war declined following the 1968 Tet Offensive • Americans finally withdraw in 1973 after suffering over 58,000 deaths and embarrassment at the loss. • The South would fall to the Communist in 1975.

21. Persian Gulf War 1990-1991 • Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait • United States and United Nations react by using air and ground forces to push Iraqi forces out of Kuwait and back into Iraq. • Ground war lasts 100 hours.

22. War on Terrorism: 2001-Present • Following the 9/11/01 attacks the U.S. invades Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 • We currently maintain troops in both nations and the search for Bin Laden continues • Over 3,000 Americans have died in Afghanistan and Iraq to date