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All About Cells: The Building Blocks of Life

Discover the fascinating world of cells, from the smallest living protoplasm to complex organisms. Learn about the different types of cells, their structures, and functions in plants and animals.

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All About Cells: The Building Blocks of Life

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  1. CELLS • The smallest organized form of living protoplasm • Protoplasm: Living matter within a cell • Can be one simple organism Amoeba • Millions of cells can make up an organ and have a specific job. This would create a complex organism http://www.microscopeforums.com/f13/all-about-amoeba-132.html http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/images18/HorseJackField.JPG http://danny.oz.au/travel/iceland/flora.html http://dimdima.com/ecology/ecology_common/show_ecology.asp?q_cat=Plants&q_aid=69&q_title=Pitcher%20Plant

  2. 2 Main Types of CELLS • Eukaryotic: Cells with a NUCLEUS • Plant, Animal, Fungi, & Most Protists • Prokaryotic: Cells WITHOUT a Nucleus • Bacteria & Archaea

  3. FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells CELL MEMBRANE Separates cell from its environment Controls substances passing in and out of cell (analogy: like a window screen)

  4. NUCLEUS FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells • “Command Central” of the cell • Contains chromosomes (analogy: • like a brain)

  5. CHROMOSOMES • Structures that contain DNA • DNA is instructions for the cell’s activities (analogy: like a recipe) FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells http://www.le.ac.uk/ge/genie/vgec/sc/cellcycle.html

  6. NUCLEAR ENVELOPE • Membrane that surrounds the nucleus • Lets materials in and out (analogy: • like a skull) FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells http://kconline.kaskaskia.edu/bcambron/Biology%20117/Cells.htm

  7. CYTOPLASM FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells • Jelly-like substance that fills the cell • (analogy: like “packing peanuts”)

  8. MITOCHONDRIA FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells • Breaks down food into energy to be used by the cell • (analogy: powerhouse of the cell) http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStructure/Mitochondria/Mitochondria.htm

  9. RIBOSOMES FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells • Small structures that make proteins • that the cell needs • Ribosomes use the info from DNA to make the proteins (analogy: factory workers) http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/biology/imgbio/ribosome.gif

  10. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Tube-like structure that contains ribosomes • ER transports proteins throughout the cell (analogy: roadways or tunnels) FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells

  11. GOLGI BODIES FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells • Packages proteins made by the ribosomes to be sent out of the cell • (analogy: the mailroom workers in a factory)

  12. LYSOSOMES FOUND IN:Plant CellsAnimal Cells • Helps cell digest proteins and old cell parts - they basically clean up the cell • (analogy: custodians)

  13. VACUOLES FOUND IN:Plant Cells (ONE BIG VACUOLE)Animal Cells (MANY SMALL ONES) • Storage areas in cell for water, food and waste (analogy: water tank or refrigerator)

  14. CELL WALL FOUND IN:Plant Cells • Rigid outer layer made of cellulose • Supports and protects plant cells (analogy: wall surrounding a castle)

  15. PLASTIDS FOUND IN:Plant Cells • Contain pigments that give plants their color (analogy: human skin tones)

  16. CHLOROPLASTS • Plant cell structures that contain the pigment CHLOROPHYLL (green pigment) • Chlorophyll traps energy from the sun for photosynthesis (analogy: solar panels) FOUND IN:Plant Cells http://allyncali16.tripod.com/id1.html

  17. Cell Pictures can be found on the Cells Alive Website • http://www.cellsalive.com/

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