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Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function. Cell – Smallest unit that can carry out all of the activities necessary for life Types of Cells Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes Animal Cells Plant Cells. Human Cell.

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Cell Structure and Function

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  1. Cell Structure and Function

  2. Cell – Smallest unit that can carry out all of the activities necessary for life Types of Cells • Prokaryotes

  3. Eukaryotes • Animal Cells • Plant Cells Human Cell

  4. Organ = A group of tissues with one or a few functions : heart, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, skin, kidney, etc.) -elle = small or tiny Organelle = tiny organs

  5. ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

  6. 1. CELL MEMBRANE – “Security Guard” (sac around the cell) • Semi-permeable - Controls what enters & leaves the cell • Protects cell & holds cell together

  7. Plasma Membrane

  8. 2. CYTOPLASM (jelly-like material) • Supports cell parts • Allows cell parts to move

  9. 3. NUCLEUS – “boss” a. Control center of the cell

  10. b. NUCLEOLUS • Controls cell reproduction and makes ribosomes which make proteins

  11. c. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE • Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

  12. d. CHROMOSOMES • Contains the DNA/genes that direct the making of proteins to make an organisms traits • “colored bodies”

  13. VACUOLES – “storage” (bubbles) a. Storage of food and water, wastes and enzymes b. Animal cells have many small ones while plant cells have one large one Plant Vacuole

  14. 5. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM “bus”(highway) a. Transport system in the cell b. Rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (none)

  15. c. RIBOSOMES “workers” -Produce proteins for the cell

  16. 6. MITOCHONDRIA (powerhouse) a. Converts stored food into energy for the cell to use.

  17. 7. GOLGI BODY – “packaging plant” (post office) a. Package & exports protein from the cell • Hair, finger nails are good examples of these proteins

  18. ORGANELLES FOUND IN ONLY ANIMAL CELLS

  19. ANIMAL CELLS ONLY 1. LYSOSOME “Clean up Crew” a. Contain enzymes thatDigest or gets rid of worn out cell parts, bacteria or viruses b. Found in carnivorous plants

  20. 2. CENTRIOLE • Small part of animal cell that helps in cell division

  21. ORGANELLES FOUND IN ONLY PLANT CELLS

  22. PLANT CELLS ONLY 1. CELL WALL (square) a. Made of Cellulose which makes plant stiff b. Supports plant and protects cell

  23. 2. CHLOROPLAST (green) “solar panels” a. Filled with the green pigment chlorophyll b. Makes chemical energy in the form of sugar from sunlight in the process called photosynthesis.

  24. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Cell wall Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plant Cell

  25. Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Golgi apparatus Animal Cell

  26. Cell Wall Chloroplasts Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Contain DNA Animal Cells Plant Cells Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Centrioles

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