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Contacting the Nanoworld

Contacting the Nanoworld. Peter Grutter Physics Department McGill University NSERC, FCAR, CIAR, McGill, IBM, CIHR, GenomeQuebec, CFI, NanoQuebec. Moore’s Law. Challenges and Opportunities for Semiconductor R&D. Production Year 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 DRAM half pitch 180nm

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Contacting the Nanoworld

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  1. Contacting the Nanoworld Peter Grutter Physics Department McGill University NSERC, FCAR, CIAR, McGill, IBM, CIHR, GenomeQuebec, CFI, NanoQuebec

  2. Moore’s Law

  3. Challenges and Opportunities for Semiconductor R&D Production Year 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 DRAM half pitch 180nm Overlay accuracy 65nm Gate length 140nm CD control 14nm 9nm Oxide thickness 2nm 1.9nm Nature, 406, 1023 (2000)

  4. Challenges and Opportunities for Semiconductor R&D Production Year 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 DRAM half pitch 180nm 130nm100nm 70nm 50nm 35nm Overlay accuracy 65nm 45nm 35nm Gate length 140nm 80nm 65nm 46nm 30nm 20nm CD control 14nm 9nm Oxide thickness 2nm 1.9nm Nature, 406, 1023 (2000)

  5. Challenges and Opportunities for Semiconductor R&D Production Year 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 DRAM half pitch 180nm 130nm100nm 70nm 50nm 35nm Overlay accuracy 65nm 45nm 35nm25nm 20nm 15nm Gate length 140nm 80nm 65nm 46nm 30nm 20nm CD control 14nm 9nm 6nm 4nm 3nm 2nm Oxide thickness 2nm 1.9nm 1.5nm 1.2nm 0.8nm 0.5nm Nature, 406, 1023 (2000)

  6. Definition of Nanoscience Nanoscience and Nanotechnology investigates and applies phenomena, systems and structures where: • at least one dimension lc is a few nm • properties qualitatively differ for l < lc

  7. 7 of 9 on Star Trek Science Fiction:

  8. Sub-micron is not nano! ‘Nanotechnology on silicon products: Intel leads in production and research’ (Wall Street Journal)

  9. Nano - or micro: why care? Is it just academic to distinguish nano from micro? • YES: advertising • NO: R&D, $$$ • extrapolations • are not valid when you • cross the disruptive • nano-micro boundary Nanosomes (L’Oréal)

  10. Magnetic reversal Molecular electronics Quantum dots Interfacing to living neurons MFM with in-situ field UHV AFM/STM/FIM, AFM/STM/SEM 4K, 8T cryogenic AFM DI Bioscope + patch clamp + single photon fluorescence SPM applied to nanoelectronics: the Grutter Research Group

  11. Magnetic reversal of microfabricated magnetic particles Aim: use coupled magnetic particles to process and store information Issue: switching field distribution Ph.D. Thesis of X. Zhu

  12. Magnetic reversal of microfabricated magnetic particles Aim: use coupled magnetic particles to process and store information Issue: switching field distribution Ph.D. Thesis of X. Zhu

  13. Cryogenic MFM of Nb flux lattice Ph.D. Thesis of M. Roseman

  14. Crossbar architecture

  15. Contacts Structure-function relationship between transport process and molecular structure Dissipation Crosstalk (interconnects) Architecture I-O with a trillion processors Fault tolerance Manufacturing costs Molecular electronics: the issues

  16. Does atomic structure of the contact matter? YES !

  17. Does atomic structure of the contact matter? Mehrez, Wlasenko, et al., Phys. Rev. B 65, 195419 (2002)

  18. Comparison of Experimental and Modeling Results Mehrez, Wlasenko, et al., Phys. Rev. B 65, 195419 (2002)

  19. Low-T UHV STM/AFM/FIM 140K, 10-11mbar quick change between FIM - AFM/STM mode Stalder, Ph.D. Thesis 1995 Cross et al. PRL 80, 4685 (1998) Schirmeisen et al. NJP 2, 29.1 (2000)

  20. Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) E. Muller, 1950’s

  21. FIM of W(111) tip Imaging at 5.0 kV

  22. FIM of W(111) tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

  23. FIM of W(111) tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

  24. FIM of W(111) tip Imaging at 5.0 kV Manipulating at 6.0 kV

  25. Single Au atom on W(111) tip Imaged at 2.1 KV

  26. W(111) tip on Au(111) Cross et al. PRL 80, 4685 (1998) Schirmeisen et al, NJP 2, 29.1 (2000)

  27. Molecular Dynamics Simulations U. Landman et al, Science 248, 454 (1990)

  28. W(111) trimer tip on Au(111) Ead = 21 eV l = 0.2 nm

  29. Tip relaxation effects W tip on Au(111) surface Hofer, Fisher, Wolkow and Grutter Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 236104 (2001)

  30. Tip relaxation effects W tip on Au(111) surface Hofer, Fisher, Wolkow and Grutter Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 236104 (2001)

  31. F(z) and I(z) of W(111) trimer on Au(111) Schirmeisen et al, NJP 2, 29.1 (2000)

  32. Yan Sun, Sarah Burke Henrik Mortensn

  33. Self-assembled quantum dots 50 nm diameter InAs Qdots grown on 10 nm InP and a InGaAs 2DEG Sample grown at NRC IMS J. Levebvre, P. Poole, R. Williams et al J. Crystal Growth (2002)

  34. First results of cryogenic electrostatic force spectroscopy R. Stomp, Y. Miyahara S. Studenkin (NRC) A. Sachrajda (NRC)

  35. tip gap Qdot 2DEG distance

  36. Force between capacitor plates tip gap Qdot 2DEG distance

  37. E Force between capacitor plates InP InAs InP InGaAs InP tip gap Qdot 2DEG distance

  38. E Electrical potential applied between tip and 2DEG InP InAs InP InGaAs InP tip gap Qdot 2DEG distance

  39. E Electrical potential applied between tip and 2DEG InP InAs InP InGaAs InP tip gap Qdot 2DEG distance

  40. E Electrical potential lever arm can be tuned by: applied Vtip-sample tip-sample separation sample structure InP InAs InP InGaAs InP tip gap Qdot 2DEG 30-50 nm distance

  41. First results of cryogenic electrostatic force spectroscopy R. Stomp, Y. Miyahara S. Studenkin (NRC) A. Sachrajda (NRC)

  42. Contacting a nano-dot with a Au wire M. Pumarol S. Studenkin (NRC IMS)

  43. Live Cell Imaging: • Smooth muscle cell from rat trachea. • The contractile dynamics are relevant in the study of asthma. Time-lapse sequence after contraction stimulation (~20min/frame). Images are 50X50 mm.

  44. Dendritic Spines: 2-photon fluorescence images AFM Topograph Force-Volume Elasticity Map View of AFM cantilever scanning fixed hippocampal cultures. B. Smith, N. Duriscic P.Wiseman (McGill) Y. deKonik (Laval)

  45. Force Spectroscopy

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