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Understanding the Vertebral Column: Structure, Function & Disorders

Explore the anatomy of the axial skeleton, focusing on the hyoid bone and vertebral column. Learn about intervertebral discs, ligaments, and common issues like herniated discs. Discover the regions and normal curvatures of the spine, enhancing your knowledge of this vital structure.

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Understanding the Vertebral Column: Structure, Function & Disorders

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  1. PART 4 Bones, Part 1:The Axial Skeleton

  2. The Hyoid Bone • Lies inferior to the mandible • The only bone with no direct articulation with any other bone • Acts as a movable base for the tongue Figure 7.12

  3. The Vertebral Column • Formed from 26 bones in the adult • Transmits weight of trunk to the lower limbs • Surrounds and protects the spinal cord

  4. The Vertebral Column • Serves as attachment sites for muscles of the neck and back • Held in place by ligaments • Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments • Ligamentum flavum

  5. The Vertebral Column Figure 7.13

  6. Intervertebral Discs • Cushion-like pads between vertebrae • Act as shock absorbers • Compose about 25% of height of vertebral column • Composed of • Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis

  7. Intervertebral Discs • Nucleus pulposus • The gelatinous inner sphere of intervertebral disc • Enables spine to absorb compressive stresses

  8. Intervertebral Discs • Annulus fibrosis • An outer collar of ligaments and fibrocartilage • Contains the nucleus pulposus • Functions to bind vertebrae together, resist tension on the spine, and absorb compressive forces

  9. Ligaments and Intervertebral Discs Figure 7.14a

  10. Herniated Disc • May be caused by trauma to the spine • Aging is also a contributing factor • Nucleus pulposes loses cushioning properties • Anulus fibrosis weakens Figure 7.14c

  11. Regions and Normal Curvatures • Vertebral column is about 70 cm (28 inches) • Vertebral column is divided into five major regions • Cervical vertebrae • 7 vertebrae of the neck region • Thoracic vertebrae • 12 vertebrae of the thoracic region

  12. Regions and Normal Curvatures • Vertebral column is divided into five major regions (continued) • Lumbar vertebrae • 5 vertebrae of the lower back • Sacrum • Inferior to lumbar vertebrae • Articulates with coxal bones • Coccyx • Most inferior region of the vertebral column

  13. Regions and Normal Curvatures • Four distinct curvatures give vertebral column an S-shape • Cervical and lumbar curvature • Are concave posteriorly • Thoracic and sacral curvatures • Are convex posteriorly • Curvatures increase the resilience of the spine

  14. Regions and Normal Curvatures PLAY Spine (vertical) Figure 7.13

  15. General Structure of Vertebrae PLAY Spine (horizontal) Figure 7.15

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