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Divisions of the Skeleton

Divisions of the Skeleton. Axial and Appendicular. Axial. skull cranium ear bones face spine thorax hyoid bone . Skull. 8 bones form cranium, 14 bones form face, and 6 bones form middle ears Immovable joints – sutures in skull

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Divisions of the Skeleton

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  1. Divisions of the Skeleton Axial and Appendicular

  2. Axial • skull • cranium • ear bones • face • spine • thorax • hyoid bone

  3. Skull 8 bones form cranium, 14 bones form face, and 6 bones form middle ears Immovable joints – sutures in skull Fontanels – softspots on babies head – become sutures before 2 yrs old

  4. Spine(Vertebral Column) • Cervical – 7 vertebrae (neck) • Thoracic – 12 vertebrae (ribs attach to these) • Lumbar – 5 vertebrae • Sacrum – 5 separate vertebrae as child – fuse into 1 as adult • Coccyx – 3 to 5 separate as child – fuse into 1 as adult

  5. Spine • Curves of the spine • cervical • thoracic, • lumbar • pelvic • Functions of the curves of the back • give strength to support the weight of the body and provide balance necessary for us to stand/walk on 2 feet

  6. Thorax(Chest) • 12 pairs of ribs, the sternum, and the thoracic vertebrae – the lower 2 pairs of ribs do not attach to the sternum • 1 – 7 true ribs • 8 – 10 false ribs • 11 – 12 floating ribs

  7. Babies got Back • Babies back is one continuous curve – as baby holds head up the cervical • As baby learns to stand the lumbar curve forms

  8. Appendicular Skeleton • 126 bones • Connect appendages to axis • Movement

  9. Upper Extremity Sternoclavicular joint Scapula – clavicle – sternum Humerus Radius & ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Presence of many small bones in the hand and wrist make them very maneuverable (many joints)

  10. Lower Extremity • Hip (pelvic girdle) connects legs to pelvis

  11. Lower Extremity • Sacrum connects pelvis – holds upper body to lower body

  12. Lower Extremity • Pelvis: Ilium, Ishium, Pubis • Femur • Tibia • Fibula • Tarsals • Metatarsals • Phalanges

  13. Lower Extremity • Foot • bones are held together to form springy lengthwise and crosswise arches • strong ligaments and tendons hold them in place • if weakened the arches may fall • supporting strength and stable base • medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse(metatarsal) arches

  14. Differences in Male and Female Skeletons • Male is usually larger • Female has wider hips – larger pelvic inlet and outlet

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