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Morphology

Morphology. Word formation and structure Morpheme: free, bound Affix: prefix, suffix, etc. Inflection Derivation Mental Lexicon. How do A and B differ?. A B table deactivation purple cats run loudly bright blackbird many careful of talking

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Morphology

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  1. Morphology • Word formation and structure • Morpheme: free, bound • Affix: prefix, suffix, etc. • Inflection • Derivation • Mental Lexicon

  2. How do A and B differ? • AB • table deactivation • purple cats • run loudly • bright blackbird • many careful • of talking • => B words are morphologically complex.

  3. Free Morphemes • Can stand alone as words • table act • purple cat • run loud • bright black • many bird • of care • talk

  4. Bound Morphemes (Cannot stand alone as words) • Prefix • de-activate, de-contaminate • un-happy, un-lucky • re-establish, re-assure • dis-own, dis-member

  5. Suffix • cat-s, universitie-s • excite-ment, amaze-ment • burglar-ize, steril-ize • care-ful, will-ful • loud-ly, nice-ly, angri-ly • round-er, tall-er • talk-ing, sleep-ing

  6. Derivation vs. Inflection • Derivation creates new words. • => Can change category and/or meaning • Inflection produces grammatical variants of the same word. • => Never changes category or meaning

  7. Inflection • cat (N) cats (N) • talk (V) talked (V) • big (Adj) bigger (Adj)

  8. Inflection only changes grammatical form. • Number (N): cat/cats decision/decisions • Case (N): Jane/Jane’s Mark/Mark’s • Tense (V): shout/shouted/shouting • Agreement (V): They run./(S)he runs.

  9. Derivation • Category Change • act (V) => active (Adj) • amaze (V) => amazement (N) • sterile (Adj) => sterilize (V • care (N) => careful (Adj) • loud (Adj) => loudly (Adv)

  10. Derivation can also change meaning. • accept + able • read + er • instrument + al

  11. Derivation takes place before inflection. • act+iv+ate+d • *act+ed+iv+ate • compart+ment+al+ize+d • compart+ment+al+iz+ation • *compart+ment+al+ize+d+ation

  12. Mental Lexicon • Morphemes and word formation processes are part of the mental lexicon. • Derived words are stored in the mental lexicon.

  13. Creative Word Formation • Possible because we have a mental lexicon. • shush • shush-er • shush-ee • un-shush-able

  14. -er: V=>N • (N refers to the agent of V) • -ee: V=>N • (N refers to the patient of V) • -able: V=>Adj • (Adj expresses the possibility of V) • un-: Adj1=>Adj2 • (Adj2 expresses the opposite of Adj1)

  15. More New Words • bogosity: • => degree to which something is bogus • bogos + -ity • -ity: Adj=>N • (N expresses state or degree of Adj) • clarity, agility, ability

  16. Even More Creative • ambimoustrous: • => capable of operating a mouse with either hand • ambi- + mouse(tr) + -ous • On analogy with ambidextrous • ambi + dexter + ous

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