GHSGT PREP Table of Content

1. GHSGT PREPTable of Content Tab 1: World Studies Tab 2: U.S. History to 1877 Tab 3: U.S. History since 1877 Tab 4: Civic/Citizenship Tab 5: Map and Globe Skills Tab 6: Information Processing Skills

2. World Studies • The World Studies portion of the GHSGT will test your knowledge over various people and events in World History.

3. Part I: World Studies • This portion of the World Studies review presentation is a brief overview of Ancient Civilizations through the Enlightenment (1700s).

4. AZTEC INDIANS • They were a Mesoamerican Indian culture. • -devastated by Cortez and the Spanish in the 1520’s.

5. INCA INDIANS • They were a South American Indian culture in Peru. • -devastated by Pizarro and the Spanish in the 1530’s.

6. RENAISSANCE • The word, “Renaissance” means, “Rebirth.” • The Renaissance was a rebirth of the classics of ancient Greece & Rome. • It began in Italy in the 14th c. (1300s).

7. SPAIN • -country that sponsored Christopher Columbus’ voyage in 1492. • Ferdinand & Isabella were monarchs. • “In fourteen hundred and ninety two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.”

8. JOHANN GUTENBERG • He introduced movable type (the printing press) to Europe in the 15th Century (1455). • This was a faster & less expensive way to copy books. • First full-sized book printed> Holy Bible

9. PROTESTANT REFORMATION • - begun by Martin Luther in 1517 • - attacked the beliefs of the Catholic Church. • - resulted in a split in the Catholic Church (Catholics & Protestants)

10. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION • This was the overthrow of James II of England in 1688, which gave Parliament control of the government • -called “Glorious” because there was no bloodshed. • William & Mary take over the throne.

11. ENLIGHTENMENT • This was an 18th c. (1700’s) intellectual movement • Began in France. • Enlightenment thinkers, called “philosophes” questioned accepted ways of thinking.

12. Part II: World Studies • This portion of the World Studies review presentation is a brief overview of the Revolutionary Period (1700s) through the Post WWII period (1900s).

13. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION • This was the first successful colonial independence movement against a European power (England), 1775-1783. • Great Britain vs. American colonies

14. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION • This was a revolution in France from 1789-1800 that was inspired by the American Revolution. • A bloody revolution where 1000s died on the guillotine.

15. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE • He was a military leader who took control of France in 1800, establishing an empire over the next two decades. • He was finally defeated at Waterloo, Belgium.

16. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • This was a series of economic and mechanical changes beginning in Great Britain in the 1700s and spreading to the rest of the world in the 18th to 20th centuries.

17. KARL MARX • This was a German socialist best known for writing “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848. • He is known as the father of Communism.

18. OTTOMAN EMPIRE • This Islamic empire was finally dismantled after World War I (became Turkey). • Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were the losers in WW I.

19. GERMANY • This is the country that started WWII in Europe in 1939 with its invasion of Poland. • Symbol of the Nazi Party was the “swastika.”

20. ADOLPH HITLER • This was the totalitarian leader of Nazi Germany during World War II. • History blames him for the Holocaust!

21. BENITO MUSSOLINI • He was a leader of Italy during World War II and ally to Adolph Hitler. • He created the first fascist state through the use of terror and propaganda. • “Il Duce”

22. JAPAN • This was the last of the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) to surrender in WWII. • It was the target of atomic warfare in 1945 (Hiroshima and Nagasaki).

23. GANDHI • This was the leader of the Indian independence movement in the mid-20th century. • known for his nonviolent protests. • Martin Luther King, Jr. studied his work.

24. MAO ZEDONG • This was the leader of the 20th century Communist revolution in China.

25. COLD WAR • - name given to the relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union following WWII (second half of the 20th century) • Resulted in the buildup of nuclear weapons.

26. NATO • -an international organization created by the U.S. and its allies in 1949 to prevent attacks by the Soviet Union. • North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

27. UNITED NATIONS • -an international organization created following WWII to provide a way to negotiate disputes. • The point was to make countries talk before fighting.

28. APARTHEID • This was a name given to the racial discrimination policies in South Africa through most of the 20th century (1900’s).

29. U.S. History to 1877 • This portion of the U.S. History review is a brief overview of colonization through Reconstruction.

30. Aztecs • They were a Mesoamerican Indian culture that was devastated by Cortez and the Spanish in the 1520s.

31. INCA INDIANS • They were a South American Indian culture that was devastated by Pizarro and the Spanish in the 1530’s.

32. Conquistadores • These are Spanish explorers who conquered native American cultures.

33. Encomienda • This was the system by which the Spanish government rewarded • its governors in the Americas with title to land and permission • to enslave any natives living on that land.

34. St. Augustine • This was the oldest continually occupied European settlement in North America. It was founded on August 28, 1565, by the Spanish.

35. Columbian Exchange • This was the enormously widespread transfer of agricultural • goods between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that occurred after 1492.

36. Jamestown • This was the first permanent English colony in the New World.

37. John Smith • He was an English soldier and sailor, who is now remembered for helping to establish Jamestown, the first permanent English • colony in North America.

38. Headright System • This was the system sponsored by English colonies to grant land to the person who purchases passage to the colony from Europe.

39. House of Burgesses • This was the first representative government in North America located in Virginia.

40. Indentured servants • In U.S. History, this is the name for people who were forced into labor for a certain period of time in return for their paid passage to North America.

41. Mayflower Compact • This was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony, • signed by the Pilgrims in November of 1620.

42. Benjamin Franklin • This was a printer, scientist and inventor who helped write both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

43. Great Awakening • This was a religious revival that promised the grace of God to all who could experience a desire for it.

44. French And Indian War • Battles between France and England in the new world resulting in the loss of all French possessions.

45. Samuel Adams • This was an American revolutionary who led the Boston Tea Party.

46. Sons of Liberty • This group of Patriots was formed in 1765 and urged colonial resistance to the Stamp Act using any means available… even • violence.

47. Paul Revere • This was an American silversmith who warned of the advance of the British on Lexington and Concord.

48. Boston Tea Party • This was a political protest by Boston, Massachusetts residents against the British parliament partly in response to the 1765 stamp act.

49. Mercantilism • This was the economic philosophy that control of imports was the key to enhancing the health of a nation and that Colonies existed to serve the home country as a source of raw materials and a market for manufactured goods.

50. LEXINGTON AND CONCORD • Battles where first shots of the American Revolution were fired