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WORLD WAR I: “The Great War”

WORLD WAR I: “The Great War”. Chapter 11. The space between… and afterward. Up-and-over. I. Causes – M.A.I.N . A. Militarism 1. Arms Race among world powers B. Alliances 1. Open and secret treaties C. Imperialism 1. Global empires clash D. Nationalism

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WORLD WAR I: “The Great War”

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  1. WORLD WAR I: “The Great War” Chapter 11

  2. The space between… and afterward Up-and-over

  3. I. Causes – M.A.I.N. A. Militarism 1. Arms Race among world powers B. Alliances 1. Open and secret treaties C. Imperialism 1. Global empires clash D. Nationalism 1. national and ethnic pride

  4. II. Conflicts Set Stage for War A. Franco-Prussian Wars (1870’s – 1890’s) B. European colonial squabbles in Africa and China C. Desire for Self-determination by subject peoples D. Economic/Industrial and Military competition between England and Germany E. Faltering Monarchies try to hold power

  5. III. War Begins A. Who started it? 1. Serbian nationalist assassinates heir to throne 2. Austrian/German aggression

  6. 3. Entangling alliances a. Triple Alliance/Central Powers b. Triple Entente/Allied Powers

  7. B. Why on Which Side? 1. Russian-Serbian Ethnic ties 2. German – Austro-Hungarian Alliance 3. French-Russian Military Alliance 4. British desire for weakened Germany and ‘defender’ of neutral Belgium 5. Wanna-be states trying to pick a winner

  8. C. U.S. Position 1. Neutral….but not really a. Economic investments b. Nativism and immigration issues at home c. Propaganda Value of Exports 1914: $ 824.8 million to Allies vs. $ 169.3 million to Central Powers —University of Albany History 101 Syllabus (Spring 1997), a link from the EDSITEment resource History Matters Value of U.S. Loans by 1917: $ 2.5 billion to Allies vs. $ 27 million to Central Powers—University of Albany History 101 Syllabus (Spring 1997), a link from the EDSITEment resource History Matters

  9. 2. Tests of U.S. Neutrality a. Sinking of Lusitania and Sussex

  10. b. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, 1917 c. Zimmerman Note, Feb. 1917

  11. d. Russian & Bolshevik revolutions March-Dec. 1917 : Russian Communists

  12. IV. War in Europe A. German ‘Blitzkrieg’ 1. Quick Attack through Belgium/France 2. Ultimately Unsuccessful = Two-front War

  13. B. No Freedom of the Seas 1. British Naval Blockades 2. German U-Boat ‘blockades’

  14. C. Trench Warfare Ensues 1. Life in the trenches 2. ‘No Man’s Land’

  15. D. Technological Developments of War 1. Weapons 2. Others: wristwatches, transistor radios

  16. Timeline of Weaponry Introduction:

  17. V. U.S. Enters War A. Mobilizing for War 1. Government Agencies a. Committee on Public Info. b. War Industries Board c. Food, Fuel, etc. Administrations

  18. 2. Building an Army a. Conscription: Selective Service Act b. Inclusion of Women, Blacks 369th “Harlem Hellfighters”: The men pictured below awarded French Croix de Guerre

  19. 3. Industrial Output and Demographic Shifts a. Women Flood Workforce b. “Great Migration” of Af. Am. c. Mexican Laborers - Immigration Act & Exclusion Act of 1917

  20. 4. Funding the War a. Raise Taxes b. Sell Bonds c. Conserve Resources

  21. B. Unifying Support for War 1. Propaganda Campaigns 2. Espionage Act, 1917 3. Sedition Act, 1918

  22. American ‘Doughboy’ C. Americans in Europe 1. Lacked Preparation 2. Winning at Sea a. Convoys b. Sonar (invented, but not widely used) 3. Fresh Legs on the Ground a. 1.2 million Am. Troops on the ground b. Different tactics c. Hard fighting - winter of 1918 - Battle of the Bulge, March 1918 Sgt. Alvin York

  23. D. Concluding the War 1. Austria-Hungary Surrenders, 1918 2. Germans revolt a. Naval officers first b. General public 3. Kaiser deposed and Armistice signed a. November 11, 1918 at 11:00 am

  24. VI. Aftermath and “Peace” A. Europe Broke and Decimated B. Influenza Outbreak, 1918 C. Massive Casualties

  25. D. Versailles Treaty 1. Big Four: David Lloyd George, George Clemenceau, Vittorio Orlando, Woodrow Wilson 2. Imperialism v. Idealism 3. Territorial Changes

  26. Territorial Changes in Europe

  27. E. Fourteen Points 1. ‘Peace without victory’ a. 1st point – no secret treaties b. 2nd point – arms reduction c. 3rd point – end colonialism d. 4th point – self-determination e. Others – freedom of the seas and League of Nations 2. Wilson’s failure

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