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Bio - ethics

Bio - ethics. 121086 Lee So Yoon. Table of Contents. 1. Definition of bio – ethics 2. Two types of bio – ethics 2-1. Medical Ethics a. definition b. the Hippocratic Oath 2-2. Bio – medical ethics a. definition b. 4 principles of bio – medical ethics

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Bio - ethics

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  1. Bio - ethics 121086 Lee So Yoon

  2. Table of Contents 1. Definition of bio – ethics 2. Two types of bio – ethics 2-1. Medical Ethics a. definition b. the Hippocratic Oath 2-2. Bio – medical ethics a. definition b. 4 principles of bio – medical ethics 3. Questions & Themes

  3. What is bio – ethics? • Bio – ethics is a combination of the words bio(=life) and ethics and deals with the moral problems raised as technology develops • There are two types of bio – ethics regarding the content it deals with 2-1. medical ethics 2-2. bio – medical ethics

  4. Medical Ethics 1. it deals with various ethical problems that happens in the medical field e.g. medical treatment 2. The developed medical technology such as human genes project, cloning and so on is being debated on their morality, and this is what medical ethics deals about 3. Also, medical ethics deals with moral issues that relate to human dignity such as the treatment for people in coma , euthanasia etc.

  5. The Hippocratic Oath • The Hippocratic Oath is an oath taken by physicians about the ethical practice of medicine. • Whoever the writer of the oath is, the fact that the oath is considered a rite of passage for doctors / anyone who deals with medicine • Includes clauses such as … to never deliberately do harm to anyone for anyone else’s interest / to avoid violating he morals of my community / to keep the good of the patient as the highest priority / to keep confidential all private patient information -> sets a basis for modern bio – ethics

  6. Bio – medical ethics 1. Definition : critically examining the ethical level of decision making regarding biology or human health. (Samuel Gorovitz, Bioethics and Social Responsibility) 2. It deals with topics that are related to diverse areas, so it is important to solve the problems in a delicatemanner 3. Bio – medical ethics is not theoretical but deals with real – life decisions that doctors have to make when they face those situations which requires moral judgement 4. If a doctor doesn’t have a righteous ethical senseand standard , he has a high chance of making an immoral decision / mistake

  7. The 4 principles of bio – medical ethics 1. The principle of Respect for Autonomy 2. The principle of non maleficence 3. The principle of beneficence 4. The principle of justice

  8. The principle of Respect for Autonomy Medical treatment should be practiced under the consent of the patient, respecting their autonomy In order to respect their will, we must KNOW what their will is BUT here comes the problem.. • Medical treatment requires high medical knowledge but the patient doesn’t usually have that, and is it right to respect their choices fully just because we’re living in a free and democratic society? • Also, premising that the doctor tells the patient about all the information related to his or her disease, is this morally right? • What if telling the truth can weaken the patient’s health and have a bad influence on them? • What if the patient is unable to express their will for they are in the state of coma or etc. ? • Can the doctor use placebo effect to enhance the condition of the patient?

  9. The Principle of Non maleficence 1. Maleficence = harmful influence in mental & physical ways to the patient 2. since our abilities are limited ,there are inevitable cases when the doctors have to practice “maleficence” e.g.) organ donation -> causes physical harm to one person but is necessary to save the life of the other patient 3. the act of murder – active or passive is also a question worth thinking about e.g. your cat starved to death because you didn’t give it any food -> did we kill it or leave it to die? – there is no united point made by scholars

  10. The principle of beneficence 1. Doctors can interfere with patients considering the increase of the quality of their lives e.g. euthanasia 2. The principle of beneficence goes against the principle of autonomy – therefore, have to know WHAT is GOOD for the patient(which we call quality of life usually) 3. What is the quality of life? 4. Does the doctor have the moral duty of good deeds?

  11. The principle of justice 1. The distribution of medical resources – microscopic level & macroscopic level 1-1. Micro – the decisions of the real beneficiary / to whom and how should the medical resources be distributed? 1-2.Macro – how much budget for the ministry of health & welfare / who is going to pay for this? / what kind of medical insurance system should the government implement? 2. Does human have the right to a decent minimum of health care? And if humans do, what is the standard?

  12. Questions & Themes • What kind of national or international movements have taken place to deal with bio – ethics? • Controversial issues & how they are viewed & solutions or answers • History of bio – ethics(origin & development)

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