A Dividing Nation

1. A Dividing Nation Chapter 20 Pgs. 272 - 289

2. 20.1 Introduction • Abraham Lincoln is now president

3. 20.2 Confronting the Issue of Slavery • Slavery was banned north of the Ohio Valley • Congress wanted the Free and Slave states to be equal so neither had more power

4. 20.2 Questions about Missouri • Missouri wanted to be part of the Union as a slave state, but part of it laid north of the Ohio Valley • This made the Northerners afraid because felt slavery was spreading north

5. 20.2 Tallmadge Amendment • James Tallmadge proposed an amendment that Missouri would have to be free • This angered the Southerners (took power out of their hands)

6. 20.2 A Deadlocked Congress • The South saw this as a way for the government to stop slavery everywhere • The House approved the amendment but the Senate tied so it did not pass

7. 20.3 The Missouri Compromise • Because of the Amendment southerners said that they were going to act in secession The Compromise is Reached: • Maine was admitted as a Free State and Missouri as a slave state. (Kept states equal) Reaction to the Compromise: • North were mad at representatives for letting Missouri have slavery • South was mad because Slavery could not spread

8. Questions 1. Where was the boundary set that separated the areas where slavery was allowed and banned? 2. What did congress do to assure that no certain type of state would have more power than the others? 3. Why was it a problem when Missouri wanted to join the Union as slave state? 4. Who was the man that proposed an Amendment that would make Missouri a free state? 5. The Amendment, in the eyes of the South, saw it as a way for the government to stop what? 6. What did the southerners say that they were going to do if they did not get their way? 7. What is Secession? 8. What state was added to the Union to make it ok for Missouri to be a Slave State? 9. What were the reactions of the North and the South to this compromise?

9. 20.4 Missouri Compromise Unravels • The Second Great Awakening woke up the fight to end Slavery Slavery in Washington, D.C.: • Individuals wanted to ban slavery in the Nations Capital and Congress ignored it Southern Fears: • Southerners were very mad about abolitionist ideas and rewarded individuals who would turn in names of abolitionists in the South

10. 20.4 Continued… Fugitive Slaves: • Slaves were escaping to the North so the South wanted to pass laws that made it illegal for individuals to help slaves escape Slavery in the Territories: • America tried to say that any land that they received from Mexico could not be used for slavery, this did not pass!! Statehood for California: • California wanted to be a free state, the South rejected it, the North wanted it, so California could not be part of the Union yet.

11. 20.5 Compromise of 1850 Something for Everyone: • California was a free state • New Mexico and Utah were slave states • Washington, D.C no “new” slavery • Strong fugitive slave law The Compromise is Accepted: • It was accepted but not liked • South threatened the Union of pulling out “peacefully”

12. 20.6 Compromise Satisfies No One The Fugitive Slave Law: • The North hated the law and refused to let slaves be captured • Most slaves escaped to Canada • Over 10,000 escaped slaves went to the North, only 299 were ever captured Harriet Stowe’s Vision: • Stowe had a vision about a slave known as Uncle Tom and how he was treated badly Uncle Tom’s Cabin: • A book that showed the evil of slavery • In the North it was a great hit and raised the fight against slavery • In the South it was criticized

13. 20.6 Continued… The Kansas-Nebraska Act: • U.S wanted to build a railroad that would connect the U.S to California • He said that the states that it connected on the way could choose to be free or slave states • This upset many Northerners Bloodshed in Kansas: • Kansas was flocked by settlers from the North and the South • They began to fight each other • John Brown and his followers attacked individuals who wanted slavery there and hacked to death five men with swords

14. Questions • Congress ignored the people when they came to them to stop slavery in what part of America? • What law did the south want to pass because they thought it would help decrease the amount of slaves that were escaping to the North? • What types of states did America want to create with the land that they were receiving from Mexico? • What four things occurred in order for California to become a free state? • The compromise was accepted but the south threatened to do what? • To what country did most run away slaves from the south escape to freedom in? • Out of the 10,000 + escaped slaves, how many were actually found and brought back to the South for slavery? • Who was the woman who had a vision about a slave that was treated very badly by his owner? • What was the name of the book that the woman from question 17 wrote? • How was the book treated differently in the North and the South? • To what new state did the U.S want to build a railroad and also caused a huge fight between the North and South States? • Kansas was flocked by citizens from the North and the South; how did they interact with each other? • Who was the man who had some followers and killed 5 men that were for slavery?

15. 20.6 Continued… Violence in Congress: • Charles Summer gave a speech in Congress about how bad Southerners are for having slaves and upset the South • Southern Congressman Preston Brooks was upset that he beat Summer over the head with his cane until it broke in half • Showed the North how brutal the South was • Showed the South how close they stuck together The Dred Scott Case: • A slave named Dred Scott went in front of the Supreme Court to win his freedom because his owner moved to a free state

16. 20.7 The Dred Scott Decision Two Judicial Bombshells: • Bomb shell 1: Could not sue for freedom and couldn’t become a citizen • Bomb shell 2: He was still a slave

17. 20.8 From Compromise to Crisis • Republican Party was formed • Wanted to end Slavery • Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican Candidate The Lincoln-Douglas Debate: • Lincoln debated against Douglas for a seat in Congress and lost because he wanted to end slavery

18. 20.8 Continued… John Brown’s Raid: • John Brown decided to go and capture the U.S arsenal and give slaves weapons so could rebel and end slavery • He was captured and almost all of his men were killed • This scared the South The Election of 1860: • (North) Republican Party: Abraham Lincoln • (South) 3 different candidates • Because of split in South, Lincoln won easily • Lincoln becoming president showed the South they had little power and began to talk about secession again

19. 20.9 Secession • In the South, state by state started to leave the Union after the election of Lincoln Civil War: • Charleston, South Carolina - Southerners started bombing Fort Sumter and demolished the American flag there • The North was very upset because they fired on the flag of their country and wanted to defend it

20. Chapter 20.6 – 20.9 Questions • Who was the man that gave a speech in congress about slavery being bad? • How did Preston Brooks take the speech that was given about his fellow countrymen? • What did this act show about the South and the North? • Who was the slave that applied for freedom and was denied? • What new political party was formed with the agenda of ending slavery? • Lincoln ran against Douglas for a seat in Congress; who won? • Who was the man that decided to capture the U.S arsenal and give guns to slaves so they could rebel and gain freedom? • Why was it very easy for Abraham Lincoln to win the Election of 1860? • What did southern states begin to do after Abraham Lincoln was voted in as president? • What did Southerners do at Fort Sumter that got the Northerners very upset?