A Nation Dividing

1. A Nation Dividing

2. Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 • Required all citizens to help catch runaways • Enforcement of the law led to mounting anger in the North • Antislavery groups tried to rescue African Americans who were being pursued or to free those who were captured • Northern juries refused to convict

3. Underground Railroad • Conductor- posed as a slave • They would travel 10-20 miles to a “safe house” • Quilts- helped slaves escape • Lanterns and other means helped the runaways find their way

4. Where do I go now? Code Words Phrases • Baggage: Fugitive slaves carried by the Underground Railroad worker • Forwarding: Taking escaping slaves from one • Heaven: Canada. It was called Heaven because when they got there, they would escape all slavery, and it would be like Heaven to them. • Moses: Harriet Tubman. She was Moses because, like Moses, she helped her people escape slavery on the Underground Railroad • Drinking Gourd: The North Star. They knew they should always follow the Drinking Gourd because it led the way to the North where the would be free. • Freedom Train: The Underground Railroad • "The river bank makes a mighty good road": This told slaves that if they were to try and escape, they should walk in the river because dogs couldn't track their scents through water. • "The dead trees will show you the way": A reminder to slaves that, if the North Star wasn't visible, moss grew only on the north side of dead trees, so they could tell which way to walk. • "Left foot, peg foot": Footprints left by a wooden-legged UGRR worker as guidelines to the path to freedom.

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8. Hello Camera • Joseph NicephoreNiepce • 1825 • The camera changed the way people viewed history • People were hired to travel around taking pictures. • How could this invention change the media?

9. Slave ads • With a partner: • Read a provided slave ad • What does it say? What is being described? • What would it be like to be a bounty hunter? • Do you think these ads are accurate? • Your group will present to the class what you have discovered.

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act • Franklin Pierce became president in 1853 • "doughface" -a Northerner with Southern sympathies • Kansas and Nebraska were going to become free because of LOCATION LOCATIONLOCATION • Upset the balance

11. Repeal the Missouri Compromise • What would this mean?

12. Can someone help? Division Grows Conflict in Kansas • Northern Democrats in the House split on the vote • Compromise with the South was no longer possible • Election in Kansas • Border ruffians • Is Kansas Free or Slave?

13. Trouble in Kansas • Antislavery people refused to accept these laws • They armed themselves , held their own elections, and adopted a constitution. • Rival governments in Kansas • What are they? • President Pierce and the Senate favored proslavery government • House backed those opposed to slavery • Slavery supporters attacked the antislavery town of Lawrence- burned buildings and the capitol

14. “Bleeding Kansas” John Brown • Believed God had chosen him to end slavery • Vowed to strike terror in the hearts of the proslavery people • Killed 5 proslavery supporters in the Pottawatomie Creek massacre. • He is sometimes memorialized as a heroic martyr and a visionary and sometimes as a madman and a terrorist.

15. Ouch that hurt Brooks-Sumner incident • Violence that erupted in Kansas spilled over to Congress • Charles Sumner of Mass. gave a speech that lashed out against proslavery • Days after the speech Preston Brooks hit Sumner again and again over the head and shoulders with a cane. • Slavery was becoming not only an issue on the streets, but in the government