Chapter 20 and 21: A Dividing Nation Powerpoint

1. Chapter 20 and 21: A Dividing Nation Powerpoint By: Sixth Grade

2. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 By: Caroline Farrell • Definition: a law passed by Congress in 1787 that specified how western lands would be governed • the law divided Northwest into smaller territories, with each one governed with a territorial governor • it stated that once there was 5,000 free males, the territory could elect its own legislature (law making body) • once the population reached 60,000, they can apply to Congress to become a state • it also banned slavery north of the Ohio River: the result was that Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois were free and Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Mississippi were slave states • In 1819, Alabama became a slave state because it was south of the Ohio River and it made the number of slave and free states equal • But Missouri lead to another matter . . .

3. By: Nola Pirhofer The Tallmadge Amendment • In the North the Tallmadge Amendment made strong feelings against slavery. • Many towns sent petitions to Congress saying that slavery is immoral and unconstitutional. • The Amendment was to make Territory of Missouri to be become a Union State. • And one New Hampshire representative Arthur Livermore spoke to many Northerners by saying that " An opportunity is now presented...to prevent the growth of a sin which sits heavy on the soul of every one of us. By embracing this opportunity, we may retrieve the national character, and, in some degree our own." • The House voted to approve the Amendment, but in the Senate, the Southers were able to defeat it. The two houses were now arguing over the issue of slavery in Missouri. • This would remain so as the 1819 session of Congress drew to a close.

4. The Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise was …

5. Nat Turner By: Mike Nat Turner led a slave rebellion that resulted in… Nat Turner took the Solar eclipse that had happened in February 1831 as a sign to start a very violent revolt. Nat was born into slavery Nat was born on October 2, 1800 Nat died on November 11, 1831

6. Wilmot Proviso by Sara • In 1846, President James Polk asked for funds for the war with Mexico • The Wilmot Proviso was created by Pennsylvanian representative, David Wilmot. • The Wilmot Proviso stated that….. • Many ___________Congresspeople opposed this idea mainly because _____________wanted to expand the cotton industry west. • Those Congresspeople believed the Congress didn't have the right to decide where ____________________ • The Wilmot Proviso passed the House, but was vetoed by the Senate

7. California By: Kole • In 1849 , California tried to become part of the Union, before, it was controlled by Mexico. • The Missouri compromise stretched all the way to the pacific so California should __________ • The North said….. • But the Conederate states said….. • North and South became locked in an argument…. North or South

8. The Compromise of 1850 By Gabby Tallud Henry Clay, the creator of the Missouri Compromise had planned an idea to end the deadlock of California, but he needed to go across Congress, so he asked Senator Daniel Webster for some support. The Compromise pleased everyone: North:. South: Since humans would no longer be bought, Clay and Webster agreed that the compromise would win support from the abolitionists without threatening the slaveholders' rights. Despite Webster support, Congress debated the Compromise of 1850 for nine months! In September of 1850, the finally accepted Clay's plan and the Americans were happy but some Southerners remained wary.

9. The Fugitive Slave Act By: Samantha Sayre Under Act... - Anyone arrested had little rights. - Anyone who helped a slave escape or refused slave catchers would be put in jail. Resulted in... - Slave Hunters Perspective... North: Did not want to enforce the law and South: Did not think slaves would be captured. Arguments... -Slaves Hunters driven out of town. -Slaveholders were mad at the North because they did not like the law.

10. Uncle Tom's Cabin By: Max Berry • The novel Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by Harriet Beecher. • The novel was about a Saintlyslave known as Uncle Sam how was beaten to death by his evil Master named Simon Legree. • Uncle Sam's last words to his Master were "Ye poor miserable critter! There ain't no more ye can do. I forgive ye, with all my soul!" • The novel was published in 1852.

11. Kansas- Nebraska Act By: Luke Siwik • Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois introduced a bill in Congress that would get a railroad built in California, which would likely happen if Congress organized the Great Plains in the Nebraska territory. • He had to make a few changes because of Congress. • Final version of the bill was known as the Kansas-Nebraska act, it created Kansas/ Nebraska territory and is left it up to the settlers to vote to have slavery. It also abolished Missouri Compromise. • Northerners were haunted by visions of slavery, so Douglas told that the climates of Kansas and Nebraska were not suited for slave labor. • When Northerners studied maps, they were not so sure.

12. Ostend Manifesto By: Luke Hunneke • Ostend Manifesto is a document that was sent to the secretary of state • President Franklin Pierce had been trying to get the island Cuba from Spain • This document said that the US would take Cuba by force if Spain did not agree to give them Cuba • When the public heard about the message, Northerners were angry because he wanted to add another slave state

13. Bloodshed in Kansas By: Megan O'Neil • The same year the Kansas Nebraska act was passed (in 1854), Settlers rushed to Kansas • The Government soon had the two competitive bodies: for and against slavery • After two years of opposing government bodies, proslavery settlers called "border ruffians" from Missouri came in and invaded Lawrence, Kansas • They looted several homes, burned a hotel, and threw two printing presses for and abolitionist newspaper into a river • The invasion made the outraged people of the North raised money to replace the printing presses and called for more antislavery settlers came to Kansas • One abolitionist named John Brown got 5 people to go with him and killed 5 people who supported slavery

14. Senator Charles Sumner • Charles Sumner was disturbed by the violence in Kansas because he felt against Kansas becoming a slave state • He gave a passionate speech about the situation using harsh words and blaming several people. • The northern politicians and their people were satisfied when they first read it, but the southerners felt a little different • They were offended and a man named Preston Brooks decided to pumple Douglas into a pole... Literally. The guy took his cane and hit the senator in the head till he collapsed with blood emptying from his head • This incident really separated the north and south even more and they were one step closer to war • As for Brooks, he was sent new canes in place for the broken one that he clobbered Douglas with. And as for Douglas... He really shouldn't move his mouth again if he wants to avoid round 2 By: Conrad Herold

15. The Dred Scott Case • Dred Scott Case: explaining what court case was about • Different from Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott: former slave who went to Wisconsin (free state) • Argued he should be free because of his stay in a free state • Questions in case: • Was Dred Scott a citizen who had the right to bring a case before a federal court? • Did his time in Wisconsin make him a free man? • Justice Roger Taney: judge hoped case would abolish ALL slavery- brought forth more questions • Did Congress have the power to make any laws including slavery in the territories? • Is the Missouri Compromise a constitutional use of that power? • Roger Taney always disliked slavery • Hoped it would be "wiped away" (as in a quote he said) • Freed his own slaves By: Nina Siwik

16. Dred Scott Decision By: Katherine Higgins • Chief Justice Roger Taney declared that Dred Scott had no right to sue for his freedom because he was not a citizen. • He could never become a citizen because he was African American. • Even though he had lived in Wisconsin, where slavery had been banned, he was not free because the Missouri Compromise was ruled unconstitutional. • The Missouri Compromise was ruled unconstitutional because Taney argued that by banning slavery in a territory, property was being taken from slave owners, which is against the 5th amendment. • The Dred Scott Decision delighted Southerners and infuriated Northerners.

17. Lincoln Vs. Douglas By: Ryan Pilcher • Lincoln and Douglas were running for Illinois Senator • Douglas thought that the U.S. could go half slave and half free while Lincoln was against slavery • Lincoln challenged Douglas to debate over slavery • Douglas said that the Dred Scott decision solved slavey • Lincoln said that slavery was moral and was not solved • Lincoln ended up losing the election • Debates make Lincoln a national figure

18. The Election of 1860 by: Keila D'Alia • The 1860 Election was very confusing: -Republicans stood behind Abraham Lincoln. - -Democrats were split between Northern and Southern opinions. -Southern Democrats wanted Stephen Douglas for president, Northern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge. -The Constitutional Union Party nominated John Bell for President. • Abraham Lincoln was elected President with 40% of the votes. (The election was split three ways.) • The Southerners thought that now, they were a minority.

19. By Ronan Prugh John Brown's Raid • John Brown (North) led a group of 21 men from Maryland to Virginia to capture weapons stored at the arsenal at Harpers Ferry • He was trying to destroy the slave system in the South. • Brown wanted to attack slaveholders with the weapons • He wasn't able to capture the whole city because of a train that warned the federal army. • In the North, John Brown was known as a martyr and a hero instead of a crazed lunatic.

20. Succession by John R. • President elect Abraham Lincoln said that he would keep slavery in the South but would not allow it to spread into other territories. • In 1860 • In 1861

21. Citation Page Picture on Missouri Compromise - https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=667&q=the+misssouri+compromise&oq=the+misssouri+compromise&gs_l=img.3...976.3484.0.3675.2.2.0.0.0.0.69.137.2.2.0...0.0...1ac.1.14.img.5_D4useCds4#imgrc=flhByXZD0HqYqM%3A%3BuFG3u-bof5aXlM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwebspace.webring.com%252Fpeople%252Fxm%252Fmlause%252FAH%252FAH1%252FimagesAH1%252F1819MOcomp.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwebspace.webring.com%252Fpeople%252Fxm%252Fmlause%252FAH%252FAH1%252F07a3.html%3B800%3B476 http://www.biography.com/people/nat-turner-9512211 Google.com Picture on 1860 Election Page: civilwarinvirginia.wordpress.com Google Images- Dred Scott photo http://www.watchmojo.com/tv/Grab/Howcast/4197655/ -Picture for my awesome background (Ryan Pilcher!) http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/johnbrown.htm - John Brown's raid History