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Demo: Installation of ESXi 4.1 U1

Demo: Installation of ESXi 4.1 U1. 12. Topic 3: ESXi Installation. ESX 4.1 Installation. 26. Topic 4: ESX Installation. Resetting root Password ESX. If the root password for ESX host is lost, you can change the it on ESX host without re-installing

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Demo: Installation of ESXi 4.1 U1

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  1. Demo: Installation of ESXi 4.1 U1 12 Topic 3: ESXi Installation

  2. ESX 4.1 Installation 26 Topic 4: ESX Installation

  3. Resetting root Password ESX • If the root password for ESX host is lost, you can change the it on ESX host without re-installing • Power On or Reboot the ESX host and at the GRUB menu, press 'a'. • Type “single” at the end of the line (after the word “quiet”). • The ESX host will boot to a # prompt. • Type 'passwd' and enter a new UNIX password twice for root. • Type 'reboot' 3 Topic 6: Troubleshooting ESX/ESXi

  4. Troubleshooting ESXi CIM Management Agents • Use DCUI Restart Management Agents under Troubleshooting Options • From CLI type /sbin/services.sh restart automatically restarts multiple CIM services 1 1 http://kb.vmware.com/kb/1003490 Topic 6: Troubleshooting ESX/ESXi

  5. Chapter 3 Review Questions 1. During installation of ESX 4, for which account do you create a password? • User1 • Admin • Administrator • root 2. Which two server resources would most influence the sizing of hardware for an ESX host? • Hard disk size • Network card speed • The amount of RAM • The number of CPUs, Cores or Speed 3. You can enter a VLAN ID for the Service Console during the installation of VMware ESX? True False 4. What is the maximum memory size that an administrator can set the Service Console to in ESX? • 800 MB • 1600 MB • 544 MB • 272 MB 5. To configure an ESX host to boot from a fibre channel LUN? (Choose two) • Configure the server BIOS to designate the fibre channel HBA card as the boot controller • Configure the fibre channel controller to initiate a connection to the target boot LUN • Configure the fibre channel switch with the World Wide Name of the ESX host • In vCenter, configure a datastore and mark it as bootable

  6. The Management User Interface (MUI) (ESX/ESXi/vCenter) ESX/ESXi Mgt IP, vCenter IP address or FQDN vCenter Download the vSphere Client to your desktop or management workstation 2 Topic 2: ESX/ESXi Management

  7. Configuration of TSM in ESXi 4.1 • TSM has two options: • Local Tech Support Mode (ESX like command line) • Remote Tech Support Mode (SSH Daemon) • Supported Modes New to ESXi 4.1 • Enabled on host or through vCenter 5 Topic 4: ESXi Installation

  8. Add Network Wizard • Can be used to create a vSwitch • Used to create/add one of three connection types • Used for IP and subnet mask configuration of the VMkernel or SC port • The VLAN ID can be configured ESX Wizard ESXi Wizard NOTE: To add additional connection types to an existing vSwitch, run the Add Network Wizard from the Properties link of the vSwitch 1 Topic 1: Creating & Modifying Virtual Networks

  9. Configure Physical NICs esxcfg-nics –s 1000 –d full vmnic0 esxcfg-nics –s 100 –d full vmnic1 esxcfg-nics –s 1000 –d full vmnic2 esxcfg-nics–s 100 –d full vmnic3 esxcfg-nics –l 5 Topic 2: Creating & Modifying Virtual Networks using CLI

  10. Configure Virtual Switches :64 Not supported in vCLI esxcfg-vswitch–a vSwitch4:64 esxcfg-vswitch–A PortVLAN101 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch–A PortVLAN102 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch –v 101 –p PortVLAN101 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch –v 102 –p PortVLAN102 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch–L vmnic2 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch–L vmnic3 vSwitch4 VMNIC4 7 Topic 2: Creating & Modifying Virtual Networks using CLI

  11. Configure the VMkernel Port esxcfg-vswitch–a vSwitch4:16 Cannot set both vMotion and FT logging on same vSwitch from CLI esxcfg-vswitch –A vMotion vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch–L vmnic2 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch–L vmnic3 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vmknic –a –i 172.16.10.1 –n 255.255.0.0 vMotion vim-cmdhostsvc/vmotion/vnic_set vmk0 vim-cmdhostsvc/advopt/update FT.Vmknic string vmk0 vim-cmd hostsvc/advopt/update Net.ManagementIface string vmk0 ESXi only esxcfg-route 172.16.1.1 esxcfg-route –a 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.1.254 esxcfg-route –l 9 Topic 2: Creating & Modifying Virtual Networks using CLI

  12. Adding a second Service Console esxcfg-vswitch –a vSwitch4:16 esxcfg-vswitch –L vmnic2 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch–L vmnic3 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch–A SCon2 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswif–a –i172.16.9.1 -n 255.255.0.0 -p SCon2 vswif1 esxcfg-vswitch–A IPStorage vSwitch4 esxcfg-vmknic–a –i 172.16.10.1 –n 255.255.0.0 IPStorage esxcfg-vswitch –v 33 –p SCon2 vSwitch4 esxcfg-vswitch –v 33 –p IPStorage vSwitch4 9 Topic 2: Creating & Modifying Virtual Networks using CLI

  13. Viewing Multipathing • Path States: • Active (I/O), Active, Disabled, and Dead • Preferred path is designated with an * • Active (I/O) is the current path being used under Fixed and MRU Example of iSCSI Multipathing Example of Fibre Channel Multipathing 5 Topic 1: Storage Concepts

  14. Storage I/O Control (SIOC) New in 4.1 • QoS for storage access on a per VM basis • Enabled on a per Datastore basis • All hosts accessing SAN must be in same vCenter • Sets a threshold for when Disk Shares will be used to prioritize disk IOPs • Disk shares are calculated across all hosts managed by vCenter Recommended Congestion Thresholds: SSD – 10 - 15 ms SAS – 20 - 30 ms SATA – 30 - 50 ms Shares and IOPs Limits are visible per VM in the Datastores inventory view from the Virtual Machines tab Shares and IOPs Limits are set on a per VM per VMDK basis from the Resources tab 2 Topic 1: Storage Concepts

  15. Configure Software Initiator • Enable the iSCSI initiator, the iSCSI name is automatically filled in • Change iSCSI name to match your setup 1 Topic 2: iSCSI Storage (GUI & Command Line)

  16. Discovering iSCSI Targets • Enter the IP address/Port of each iSCSI target • Maximum targets: 64 • Static Discovery • Enter iSCSI Target Name • Dynamic Discovery • Uses “Send Targets” to discover LUNs and all available paths 2 Topic 2: iSCSI Storage (GUI & Command Line)

  17. Configure Software Initiator: CHAP Authentication • Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is disabled by default • Authentication can be Host to Target or Target to Host • Enable CHAP and enter CHAP name and CHAP secret • CHAP can be set for: • All Targets • Each Target Server • Each Target LUN individually 2 Topic 2: iSCSI Storage (GUI & Command Line)

  18. Viewing and Creating a VMFS Datastore 6 Topic 4: VMFS Datastores (GUI & Command Line)

  19. Add an Extent to Existing VMFS • The list of possible extents to add will not include LUNs with an existing VMFS, or an RDM mounted to a VM 6 Topic 4: VMFS Datastores (GUI & Command Line)

  20. Expand an ESX/ESXi 4.1 VMFS Volume • ESX/ESXi 4 can dynamically expand VMFS volumes • The first step would be to Expand the LUN originally chosen for the datastore • The SAN administrator would have to use the SAN Manufacturer’s management software to perform the expansion • Following is an example performed on a Dell Equalogic iSCSI SAN LUN Select Properties to begin the process Select the LUN or Disk showing as Expandable Now, select Increase to begin the Expansion Notice Capacity is now 10 GB Notice only one Extentof 10 GB 13 Topic 4: VMFS Datastores (GUI & Command Line)

  21. Manage vSphere Licenses 8 Topic 1: Licensing

  22. Microsoft Server Virtualization Validation Program • Validate Microsoft Server Apps for Support before virtualizing them with vSphere 4 3 http://www.windowsservercatalog.com/svvp.aspx?svvppage=svvpwizard.htm Topic 1: Licensing

  23. Datastores: Folders and Datastores Create Folders to organize Datastores logically SIOC Shares and IOPs shown per VM • All Datastores across all hosts in vCenter are visible • Datastore information available on many tabs • Organize Datastores using Folder objects • Permissions may be set on Folders 9 Topic 3: vCenter Server Inventory

  24. Networks: Portgroups & Distributed Switches (vDS) Context menu for a Distributed Switch has several options Context menu for a Portgroup has only a few options • All Networks and vDSs across all hosts in vCenter are visible • Networks (Portgroups from simple vSwitch) have far fewer tabs than those from vDS • Permissions may be set on Portgroup or vDS/DVUplink/DVPG 9 Topic 3: vCenter Server Inventory

  25. Guided Consolidation • Select which systems to analyze • Consolidation phase converts physical machines to VMs 2 Topic 4: Managing vCenter Server

  26. vCenter Server 4.x Database Sizing In vCenter 4.x go to the Administration Menu & choose vCenter Server Settings Use different numbers to produce estimates 4 Topic 5: Planning vCenter Server Deployment

  27. VMware Tools Configurable Features • Time Synchronization • Tools on the taskbar • Upgrade Availability • Connected Devices • Preconfigured Scripts • Shrink is not available on VMs with Normal mode 3 Topic 1: Create a VM

  28. Deploy VM from Template 6 Topic 2: Create Multiple VMs, Templates & Clones

  29. Customization Specification Manager • Specifications can be created, saved, copied, imported, exported or edited 15 Topic 2: Create Multiple VMs, Templates & Clones

  30. Import Virtual Appliances • Select host or cluster • Import from VA marketplace, file, or URL • Appliance is validated for ESX prior to import 11 Topic 3: Virtual Appliances

  31. VMware vCenter Converter 4.3 Standalone • vCenter Converter Standalone can be installed on any computer • Client / Server architecture allows client and server to be on different computers • Sysprep folder must be accessible from Client running Converter Reconfigure installs hardware drivers for the VM but will break VMware tools already installed if source is an ESX VM Select provisioning and location of each disk individually Dropped in v4.3 29 Topic 4: VMware Converter (P2V – V2V)

  32. Enterprise Converter 4.2.1 Usage • vCenter Server 4.2.1 Plug-in enables Converter • Enterprise Converter is an optional component during vCenter Server installation • Nearly identical capabilities of Standalone Converter Version 4.3 6 Topic 4: VMware Converter (P2V – V2V)

  33. VM Properties - Hardware tab ON = VM Powered On OFF = VM Powered Off * = Cannot have snapshots Requires ver. 7 Hardware New in 4.1 Virtual Serial Port Concentrator – allows redirection of VMs’ serial ports over a standard network link using telnet or ssh, allows for vMotion Remainder Shown as Powered Off Shown as Powered On 11 Topic 5: Manage VMs

  34. VM Properties - Options tab NPIV is supported only for VMs with RDM disks 14 Topic 5: Manage VMs

  35. Extend partitions using gparted • To extend any partition on any version of Windows • Extend drive .vmdk using CLI or using the VIC • Mount the gparted.iso to CD/DVD-ROM of VM • Boot to gparted and extend the drive • Reboot Windows (works for Linux too, may need extra steps) Gparted is FREE, Open Source, 3rd party software and available as a LiveCD ISO 4 Topic 5: Manage VMs

  36. Web Access Tasks When logged into vCenter, Datacenter and Alarm information is available 13 Topic 8: Web Access

  37. Generate Virtual Machine Shortcut • Provides a way to access a VM through a URL • Useful for including in an instant message or an e-mail message • Similar to the MMC Taskpad 4 With the top checkbox, all VMs show, but tabs for Alarms, Tasks, and Events are not shown Obfuscate will encrypt the link so that it’s options are not obvious Without either check box, the link points to the top of Web Access With the second checkbox, only one VM will show with the tabs With both checkboxes, the view is limited to a single VM with no tab options Topic 8: Web Access

  38. Resource Shares • Dynamic resource management • Only used if there is resource contention • Prevents a single VM from utilizing all the resources • Prioritizes specific VM resource usage during contention Number of Shares Equal (each has 25%) Changing Share Values(% varies on # of shares) 1000 Shares – 25% 2000 Shares – 22% Starting a VM changes resource allocation 1000 Shares – 11% 1000 Shares – 25% 2000 Shares – 20% 1000 Shares – 10% 2000 Shares – 22% 1000 Shares – 25% 2000 Shares – 20% 4000 Shares – 45% 4000 Shares – 40% 3 1000 Shares – 25% 1000 Shares – 10% Topic 5: Resource Pools and Monitoring Turning off VM changes resource allocation 2000 Shares – 22% 1000 Shares – 11% 2000 Shares – 22% 4000 Shares – 45% 1000 SharesTurned off

  39. Performance Monitoring - Overview • Can monitor a Datacenter, Cluster, Resource Pool, Host or VM • Can view thumbnail charts of child objects VM based Overview showing Storage with pie charts of Space by Datastore and Space by file type 4 Host based Overview showing all host resources Cluster based Overview showing thumbnails of hosts Cluster based Overview showing thumbnails of VMs Datacenter based Overview showing thumbnails of datastores Topic 2: VM Performance Monitoring

  40. Customize Performance Chart Use a Stacked Graph to drill down to find a problem Hover over a color bar to get detailed information 3 Topic 2: VM Performance Monitoring

  41. Problem: High Memory Utilization • Memory problem indicators • High Balloon driver usage • High VMkernel swap file usage • High Memory usage inside VM • Solutions: • Changes to the constrained VM • Add shares, increase Memory reservation, change Memory limit • Increase available memory • vMotion this virtual machine (Host Memory) • Changes to other VMs: • Shut down, vMotion, or remove shares from other virtual machines • Decrease available memory • Changes to Resource Pool or Cluster • Move VMs in or out of Pool • Change shares , limit , reservation Memory Usage inside VM In the chart to the right, High ballooning activity settled over time in ESX 3.x In ESX 4.x Balloon Memory is not automatically flushed as a first priority, Consumed Memory may be reduced instead. 1 Topic 2: Performance Monitoring

  42. Veeam Monitor Demo 3 Topic 2: VM Performance Monitoring

  43. Alarm Settings There are 10 Datastore specific event Triggers -------------------------------------- Plus additional Event triggers for Datacenters, Networks, vNetwork Distributed Switches, Distributed Virtual Port Groups, and vCenter Server There are 9 Host state Triggers Over 100 Virtual Machine Event Triggers to choose from Just the 3 basic Actions available for Cluster Alarms Once an alarm has been triggered, Now What? 10 Action choices for Virtual Machines Choose when and how often to act. There are almost 100 Host Event Triggers There are 27 Cluster specific event Triggers 9 Action choices for Hosts • Click in each column to change setting • Values in Drop downs can be overwritten by typing 3 Datastore State Triggers Use these settings to avoid alarms repeating over short periods of time or small changes to trigger thresholds 10 Topic 3: Configuring Alarms

  44. Storage Views - Reports • Reports may be exported by right clicking on the screen to these formats • .xls, .htm, .html, CSS (.htm), .csv, .xml 6 Topic 1: Storage Views & Topology Maps

  45. Cluster Map View:Host to Network and Datastore Host Map View Cluster Map View:Host to Network Cluster Map View:Host to VM Cluster Map View:VM to Network Cluster Map View:VM to Datastore Cluster Map View Cluster Map View:Host to Datastore 7 Topic 1: Storage Views & Topology Maps

  46. Storage vMotion in vSphere 4 • Built-in to the Migrate Wizard • vMotion or Storage vMotion, not both at once • Can cold migrate both at once • Can reprovision (thin/thick) the disk while migrating (hot/cold) 2 When Advanced button clicked, choose datastore Topic 2: Storage vMotion

  47. How vMotion Works 1 Step One: 1 VM1-1 • Users currently accessing VM1-1 on ESXi1 • Initiate migration of VM1-1 from ESXi1 to ESXi2 while VM1-1 is up and running ESXi Host 1 Step Two: 4 • Pre-copy memory from ESXi1 to ESXi2 • Log ongoing memory changes • Copy changed memory, Log new changes • Repeat copying changed memory until remaining changes are small enough to copy during the quiesce 2 3 3 2 Memory Step Three: VM Motion Network CorpNet Network • Quiesce virtual machine on ESXi1 • Copy remaining memory to ESXi2 • Copy VM State information (registers, etc) Remaining Memory VM state – Registers, etc VM files Shared Storage Step Four: • Start VM1-1 on ESXi2 • Users now access VM1-1 on ESXi2 4 ESXi Host 2 4 VM1-1 Step Five: • Delete VM1-1 from ESXi1 after migration is successful 4 Topic 3: Configuring vMotion

  48. Dynamic Balancing / History • Dynamic balancing • Monitor VM, resource pool, and host statistics • Balances and maintains resources for pools and VMs • DRS Recommendations of which VMs to migrate 2 Topic 4: Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) Cluster

  49. Virtual Machine to Host Rules • Use DRS Groups Manager to create groups of VMs and groups of Hosts • Create a rule to match VM group with Host group 5

  50. Expandable Reservations • Allow use of available parent resources when a Resource Pool’s Reservation for a resource has been reached • Maximum of up to 8 levels of resource pools allowed • Events that trigger Expandable Reservation use: • Power on VM • Create child resource pool • Change resource pool reservation • What is necessary to start VM67-1 below? 718 MB - 512 MB = 206 MB overhead 3 Topic 5: Resource Pools and Monitoring

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