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Chapter 12

Chapter 12 . Section 4. End of war. Revolution in Russia-March 1917 People overthrew the czar Bolsheviks seized power (Lenin) The Bolsheviks signed a treaty with the Central Powers in March 1918 that left the Central Powers free to concentrate their forces on the western front.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Section 4

  2. End of war • Revolution in Russia-March 1917 • People overthrew the czar • Bolsheviks seized power (Lenin) • The Bolsheviks signed a treaty with the Central Powers in March 1918 that left the Central Powers free to concentrate their forces on the western front

  3. Germany’s last chance • March 21, 1918-1 million Germans launched an offensive against Allies • “Big Bertha” heavy guns capable of firing a 2,100 pound shell almost nine miles • However, the Allies were able to turn the tide against the Germans

  4. Allied victory • Battle of the Argonne Forest-Successful Allied effort to push back German troops from a rail center in Sedan, France • African American’s played a huge role in the Argonne offensive • Central Powers began to disintegrate • Morale on the German side sagged • Fall of 1918 mutinies broke out in German army and navy

  5. End of war • October 1918 the German chancellor formally asked Wilson for an armistice • November 9 Kaiser Wilhelm gave up the throne • November 11, 1918 the warring parties signed the armistice

  6. Treaty of Versailles • June 28, 1919 peace treaty was signed • Germany’s colonies and the Ottoman Empire were divided among the Allied nations • League of Nations • Created Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia • Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland • Germany was disarmed, forced to admit full responsibility for the war, and charged billions of dollars in reparations

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