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RECONSTRUCTION

RECONSTRUCTION. Chapter 3. April 1865. Lincoln is assassinated. John Wilkes Booth. Famous Actor Most Handsome Man in the America Hated Lincoln & worked as a spy for the south. April 14, 1865. Booth enters box & shoots Lincoln in the head . Reconstruction was….

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RECONSTRUCTION

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  1. RECONSTRUCTION Chapter 3

  2. April 1865 • Lincoln is assassinated

  3. John Wilkes Booth • Famous Actor • Most Handsome Man in the America • Hated Lincoln & worked as a spy for the south

  4. April 14, 1865 • Booth enters box & shoots Lincoln in the head

  5. Reconstruction was…. • The federal government’s controversial effort to1. repair the damage to the South and 2. to restore southern states to the Union

  6. Timing of Reconstruction • Lasted from 1865-1877 • That would be 12 years and involved four presidents!

  7. Physical Damage • Farmland, machinery, work animals, livestock, and buildings destroyed • 9,000 miles of railroads • 2/3 of all shipping

  8. Ruined building in the burned district – Richmond, VA

  9. Ruins of a papermill and machinery – Richmond, VA

  10. Ruins of Gallego Flour Mill - Richmond, VA

  11. Ruins of a paper mill w/ waterwheel - Richmond, VA

  12. Charleston, SC April 1865

  13. Charleston, SC April 1865

  14. Charleston, SC April 1865

  15. Atlanta, GA April 1865

  16. Vicinity of Atlanta, GA - 1864

  17. Physical Damage, cont. • Roadways, bridges, tunnels (infrastructure) • Miscellaneous buildings and factories

  18. Civil War Aftermath • Devastating physical toll to the South • Total human casualties- over 1 million • Southern Hardships affected a. Black southerners b. Plantation owners c. Poor white southerners

  19. Northern Death Toll364,000 deaths(38,000 were African Americans) Southern Death Toll260,000 deaths1/5th of all adult white males were dead1 out of 3 males were killed or wounded Death Tolls

  20. Consider This . . . • Who are the workers in the economy? • What now happens to the women and children?

  21. Southern Hardships • Freed Slaves (Freedmen) • New life in poor economic area • Homeless • Hungry • Unemployed

  22. Stay or Go?

  23. Plantation Life Changes • Freedman now have choice – to stay or to leave • Plantation owners now have to pay salaries for labor

  24. Southern Hardships, cont. • Plantation Owners • Loss of slave labor • Land was often seized by the government

  25. Southern Hardships, cont. • Poor White Southerners • Competing against former slaves (freedmen) for jobs • Many migrated to Mississippi and Texas for jobs

  26. Changes in Farming • Plantations divided up land & hired people to work it • Sharecropping – farmer receives a share of the crop @ harvest time as payment • Tenant Farming – farmer rents land from planter/land owner

  27. Effects on the South • Changes in Labor Force • Focus on Cash Crops • Cycle of Debt • Rise of Merchants

  28. Reintegrating the South Problem #1Determine the role of the freedmen

  29. Problem #2Define the role and acceptable power of former Confederates within their states and within the nation

  30. Problem #3Determine which branch of government would be responsible for overseeing reconstruction

  31. Vocabulary Terms • Pardon – forgiveness of a crime • Amnesty – pardons for a group of people

  32. Two Plans for Reconstruction Lincoln’s Plan (10% Plan) Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction)

  33. Lincoln’s Plan • 10% of white men to swear allegiance to the Union & free slaves were then given a pardon

  34. Lincoln’s Plan • Former Confederates can run local governments • 10% agreement allowed full participation in the Union

  35. Lincoln’s Plan - PROBLEMS • No role for freed menidentified • No guarantee of rights or future rights

  36. Wade-Davis Bill • Radical Republicans in Congress disagreed with Lincoln’s plan and created the Wade-Davis Bill Primary Concerns with Lincoln’s Plan HE DID NOT PUNISH THE REBELS!FELT LINCOLN WAS TOO EASY ON SOUTH

  37. President! • Andrew Johnson, (southern democrat, former slave owner) administered his own new policy

  38. The Johnson Plan • Granted amnesty to former Confederates who signed loyalty oath • Restored all property, except slaves and confiscated lands

  39. Johnson’s Plan • Voided secession laws and ratify the 13th amendment • Cancelled war debts

  40. Johnson’s Plan - PROBLEMS More generous to the south! • Amnesty awarded to “certain” southerners • Flawed election process (blacks excluded from voting)

  41. Consider This . . . • Who are not considered in the two plans? • What will the freedmen do? • How did the freedmen’s lives change?

  42. Rise of KKK – violent response to Radical Reconstruction

  43. The goal of denying African-Americans their rights and keep them in the role of submissive laborers

  44. Ku Klux Klan • Started in 1866 by 6 former Confederate soldiers • Members wore robes and masks to look like the ghosts of dead Confederate soldiers who returned for revenge against enemies of the South.

  45. Ku Klux Klan • Gradually absorbed other smaller organizations over time • Name from the Greek word kuklos, meaning “circle”

  46. A cartoon threatening that the KKK would lynch carpetbaggers, Tuscaloosa, AL, Independent Monitor (1868) 

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