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The Spread of Roman Republic: The Punic Wars. Ms. Carmelitano. Roman rulers sought to expand its territories through trade and conquest Rome had a very large, very strong military Service to the military required, and 10 years required to be eligible to be elected to office. Conquest.
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The Spread of Roman Republic: The Punic Wars Ms. Carmelitano
Roman rulers sought to expand its territories through trade and conquest • Rome had a very large, very strong military • Service to the military required, and 10 years required to be eligible to be elected to office
Conquest • Roman forces battled for control of the Italian Peninsula • 265 BCE – Romans had total control of the Peninsula • Romans had defeated the Etruscans in the north and the Greek city-states in the south
Roman Laws • All areas were not treated equally • Neighboring Latins on the Tiber became full citizens • Territories farther away, enjoyed the same rights of Roman citizenship, but could not vote • All other groups outside of the Peninsula fell into the third category: • Allies of Rome • They could be independent, but had to supply troops for the army and not make treaties with other states
Roads and Trade • Roman merchants could trade by land and by sea • Ships sailed the Mediterranean • The Romans built extensive roads • To move troops faster • To make trade easier • Created a unified culture among the very diverse people in the republic • Latin would be the dominant language
Aqueducts • The Romans built massive aqueducts across the republic • This brought water into the interior of the peninsula
Carthage • A Phoenician city located in Northern Africa • They also traded on the Mediterranean Sea • Direct conflict with Rome
War with Carthage • 264 BCE – 146 BCE • Punic Wars • Punici: The Roman name for the Phoenicians • First time Roman troops would fight outside of Italy • Would consist of three different wars
First Punic War • Sicilians appealed to both Rome and Carthage to aid them against their enemies • Carthage hoped to protect their Sicilian Trade • Rome did not want the Carthaginians troops that close to their borders • The two went to war with one another • The war lasted 23 years (264BCE-241BCE)
First Punic Wars • Carthage was the superior naval power • Rome put vast sums of money into building warships • Rome re-invents naval battles • Stationed soldiers on ships • Armed ships with hooks • Hooked enemy ships, pulled closer – boarded with soldiers • Naval warfare turned into mini-land battles • Rome was victorious • Set up their first province in Sicily
Second Punic War • 218 BCE – 201 BCE • General Hannibal (29 years old) • 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, 60 elephants • Wanted to surprise the Romans by trekking from Spain, Across France, and through the Alps • Half his men and most of his elephants died • Hannibal had a victory at Cannae in 216 BCE • It was the bloodiest Roman loss ever • He was never able to captured Rome
Second Punic War • Romans General Scipio would turn the tides • He planned to attack Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return, and leave Italy • 202 BCE at the battle of Zama, near Carthage, Romans defeated Hannibal • Roman victors forced Carthage to destroy its navy, pay war debts, and give up provinces in Spain
Third Punic War • 149 BCE – 146 BCE • Carthage declared war on another neighbor: the Numidians • An ally of Rome • Cato, a Roman orator declared that Carthage would be a threat as long as it stood • Rome laid siege to the already weak Carthage • Set fire and sold 50,000 Carthage residents into slavery
Outcome of Punic Wars • Rome dominated the Mediterranean • By 70 BCE Rome’s empire stretched from Anatolia to Spain
