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The Punic Wars

The Punic Wars. The Spread of Roman Boundaries and Culture : The Punic Wars. Ancient Rome Unit. The Punic Wars. Roman Republic threatened by Carthage. Carthage wanted to conquer Sicily . Rome fights for Sicily as well as the empire Carthage had built across North Africa .

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The Punic Wars

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  1. The Punic Wars

  2. The Spread of Roman Boundaries and Culture : The Punic Wars Ancient Rome Unit

  3. The Punic Wars • Roman Republic threatened by Carthage. • Carthage wanted to conquer Sicily. • Rome fights for Sicily as well as the empire Carthage had built across North Africa. • Wanted it for territory and trade markets • 1st of 3 wars against Carthage, known as Punic Wars 264-146 BC.

  4. Carthage $Money$ Carthage is more like a business than an empire. Carthage Inc.™ Rome was threatened that Carthage was too close. They needed to keep their empire together. They could not be embarrassed by the Carthaginians. Bottom line motivations for war

  5. 1st Punic War • 264 – 241 BC • Romans wanted to protect Sicily and expand trade markets. • Rome develops 1stNavy for this war. • Rome defeats Carthage and wins control of Sicily and Sardinia.

  6. Technology that helped the Romans win Corvus • Romans developed technology that played to their strengths. http://www.bible-history.com/rome/corvus.gif

  7. 2nd Punic War • 218 – 202 BC • Carthage wants revenge from 1st war. • Hannibal - General from Spain (Carthage colony) creates army, leads attack • He uses ELEPHANTS and cuts through the Alps!! • Hannibal wins almost all battles, but fails to conquer city of Rome. (basically roams the Italian countryside, CANNOT turn public opinion of Italian countryside.)

  8. Scipio : A Worthy Opponent • Scipio is a student of Hannibal and is the first that can fight him head on. • He gambles and decides to attack Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return to defend his homeland. • Scipio and Hannibal meet at the Battle of Zama. • Romans win; Carthage must give up all territories except those in North Africa • Carthage will face severe military limitations. http://www.ancientworlds.net/aworlds_media/ibase_1/00/05/43/00054371_000.gif

  9. 3rd Punic War • 149 – 146 BC • Carthage is no longer a threat but Romans decide they need to destroy it. • Rome attacks Carthage and completely destroys it. • Legend says, Romans poured salt over ground so nothing would ever grow in Carthage again.

  10. After the Punic Wars • Next 100 years, Rome dominates Mediterranean area and spreads culture. • If had Carthage won, their culture would have spread across the region. • Finally, Romans expand trade and wealth because of victories over Carthage.

  11. Rome as an Imperial Power • Imperialism – domination over foreign lands and people • Rome expands by taking Greece, Macedonia, and parts of Asia. • Egypt becomes an alliance. • Romans have now transformed into an Empire; this challenges the Republic form of government

  12. Impact on People of Rome • After Punic Wars, wealthy bought great amounts of land and made them big estates called Latifunda. • Began farming as a business – forced slaves and prisoners to work land • Poor farmers fall into debt because can’t compete with Latifunda; forced to sell land.

  13. The Unemployed • Farmers who lost land often went looking for jobs in city of Rome. • Never enough jobs • This poor unemployed class becomes known as Proletariat. • These people will become homeless, frustrated, and rebellious.

  14. Poor vs. Rich • Gap in wealth deeply divides the people. • Corruption in government also grows. • Bring on the Gracchi!!! • Gracchi – brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus = Tribunes • Both sought reforms, however both were murdered.

  15. Rebellion in Rome • Spartacus - Slave who led revolt in 73 BC against Rome. • Revolt crushed in 2 years; Spartacus was crucified • Generals continued to fight each other for control until civil war eventually forced Republic to become Roman Empire.

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