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The Punic Wars

The Punic Wars. Carthage. Ancient Phoenician City Fertile interior land. Massive port Produced the best Navy Known to Rome as the “Great Other”. Origins of the 1 st Punic war. Carthage owned part of Sicily “Small” dispute in Messana

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The Punic Wars

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  1. The Punic Wars

  2. Carthage • Ancient Phoenician City • Fertile interior land • Massive port • Produced the best Navy • Known to Rome as the “Great Other”

  3. Origins of the 1st Punic war • Carthage owned part of Sicily • “Small” dispute in Messana • One side went to Rome for aid and the other went to Carthage • Carthage was allowed to Messana • Rome Felt obligated to respond.

  4. 1st Punic War (264 – 250BCE) • Majority of the war was fought at sea • Rome had made many mistakes during this war • They were not sailors • Loss of many • fleets • Election of • New General • annually

  5. 1st Punic War • Romans were always better at Land battle • Development of the “Corvus”Plank of wood between boats

  6. Results of 1st War • Rome implemented consequences on Carthage: • Give up Sicily • Puppet Ruler • Rome learned new tactics for war at sea • Learned to conduct war on Grand Scale

  7. Origins of the 2nd Punic War • Peace Treaty with Rome proved difficult • Rome was invading Corsica • HamilcarBarca • Conquered much of Spain • Despised Rome wanted to have vengeance for Carthage • Hamilcar was getting to old for battle. • Trained his son.

  8. Hannibal • Hannibal was quite young when he became a leader • Military Genius • Ancient and Modern Tactics • Marched on Rome at the age of 25 • Wanted to fight on Carthaginian terms

  9. 2nd Punic War • Rome had an “endless” supply of manpower • Rome had many alliances • Allies were tired of Roman Treatment and Endless wars. • Hannibal decided to invade Italy itself • War broke out 218 BCE

  10. 2nd Punic War

  11. 2nd Punic War - Alps • Hannibal’s march in to Italy • Roman’s were not prepared for land invasion • As Hannibal progressed out of Spain, Romans were not “threatened” • Rhone River in France

  12. 2nd Punic War - Alps • Crossing the Alps – 217 BCE • Dangerous 2 reasons: • The weather/Ecology of the Mountains • Tribes they encountered • “Freed” the Gaul and other Germanic tribes of Northern Italy

  13. 2nd Punic War • Roman react sending both Consuls to meet Carthage forces • Trebbia River, Hannibal tricked the Romans

  14. 2nd Punic War • Romans recouped, and met Hannibal a second time. • Lake Trasimene. • Defeat Rome • Still not receiving as much aid • Annual elections – 216 elections. • Would new consuls better Rome’s chance?

  15. Battle of Cannae

  16. Results Of Cannae • 212 BCE • Rome rebuilt an army. • 212 – 211 • Rome and Carthage attempts to starve each other • Hannibal began to terrorize cities • Roman’s goal to keep Hannibal in the South part of Italy

  17. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus • Ran for Consul 205 BCE • Would attack Carthage 204 • Carthage appealed for Hannibal to return • Hannibal took 2 years to get back to Carthage. • Hannibal was able to raise more troops

  18. Battle of Zama • Both side had about the same number of men. • Romans had the better cavalry • Hannibal, on home ground in Africa now, had his elephants • Scipio knew how Hannibal fought with trickery • Roman troops were prepared

  19. End of the Second Punic War VICTORY!!!

  20. Results of 2nd Punic War • Turning point for Rome & Republic • During the past 50 years Rome gained control over the majority of the Mediterrannean • Republic had to adjust: • Fiances • Administration • Foreign Policy • Alliance system • Later Rome would have to face Greece

  21. 3rd Punic War • Carthage recovered economically • The Roman Senate felt threaten • Cato – Senate Elder • Started to campaign with the slogan: • CarthagoDelendaEst! (Carthage must be detroyed)

  22. 3rd Punic War • Cato got his way • Rome marched on Carthage • Carthage avoided fighting at first • 149 BCE – Carthage defends itself. • 3 years of fighting, Carthage city walls were breached • Rome was victorious • Destructionof Carthage – Salted the Land

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