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(1). Exponential Distribution Law of Fault-free Operation:. - failure rate. Reliability and Redundancy of FCS. MTBF:. (2). For n independent elements the probability of joint fault-free operation:. (3). For n elements in redundant system the probability of joint fault-free operation:.
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(1) Exponential Distribution Law of Fault-free Operation: - failure rate. Reliability and Redundancy of FCS MTBF: (2) For n independent elements the probability of joint fault-free operation: (3) For n elements in redundant system the probability of joint fault-free operation: (4) n=2: n=3:
Majority-vote redundancy: “k from n”: E1 E2 E3 Quorum - element: “Failure” signal u1 y1 QE u2 y2 “OK” signal u3 y3 After elimination of faulty element: “OK” signal “Failure-1” signal “Failure-2” signal, switch off.
a Amplifiers Amplifiers Ac QE QE Ac QE Ac QE RG RG RG FPCL FPCL FPCL Redundancy in the roll control channel for Tu-154
DATAC –Digital Autonomous Terminal Access Communication
CSMA/CA - Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ /Collision Avoidance