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IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya)

IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya). IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya). IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) The major groups of mammals had evolved in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya)

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IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya)

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  1. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya)

  2. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya)

  3. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) The major groups of mammals had evolved in the Jurassic and Cretaceous.

  4. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) The major groups of mammals had evolved in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The extinction of the dinosaurs opened many niches, but the mammals were hammered by extinctions, too.

  5. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) The major groups of mammals had evolved in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The extinction of the dinosaurs opened many niches, but the mammals were hammered by extinctions, too. Small mammals, however, quickly radiate into most ecological niches except large predators.

  6. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In the absence of dinosaurs, the birds radiated: seed eater? Diatryma (Gastornis) in NA/Asia

  7. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In the absence of dinosaurs, the birds radiated: Phorusrhacids in SA: Top Predators

  8. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In the absence of dinosaurs, the birds radiated: Phorusrhacids in SA: Top Predators Largest one yet, found in Argentina in Oct. 2006, probably stood over 10 feet tall. Chiappe and Bertelli. 2006. Nature 443:929. 2.3 ft condor

  9. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) MAMMALIAN RADIATIONS:

  10. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) The nature of these radiations varied on the different, separated continents

  11. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) The earliest marsupials evolved in North America, but the were practically wiped out there at the K-T. They didn't recover in NA, but weathered the K-T (and ultimately dominated the fauna) in the southern supercontinent of SA, Antarctica, and Australia, eventually radiating into all ecological niches. late Cretaceous Alphodon, a Didelphiformian (common marsupial group)

  12. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) The earliest Cenozoic marsupials are in SA (Paleocene), but by the Eocene they are present in Antarctica and Australia. They begin as insectivores... Argyrolagus (SA)

  13. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) then radiate as large herbivores (in Australia, primarily)... Diprotodon

  14. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) and finally radiate as top predators. 'cat-like' Thylacoleo Marsupial "Lion" (Australia)

  15. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) and finally radiate as top predators. 'cat-like' Thylacosmilus (SA and Australia)

  16. Borhyaena (SA) IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) and finally radiate as top predators. 'Dog-like' Thylacine (Australia)

  17. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In the isolation of Australia, they radiated to fill all mammalian niches: “teddy bear” niche 45 species of terrestrial herbivores (Wallabies and Kangaroos Insectivore Nectarivore Honey Possum Fossorial

  18. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In the isolation of Australia, they radiated to fill all mammalian niches: Arboreal Glider Arboreal Herbivore/Frugivore brush-tailed Possum

  19. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In the isolation of Australia, they radiated to fill all mammalian niches: 'cat-like' Predator Quolls (several species)

  20. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In the isolation of Australia, they radiated to fill all mammalian niches: 'dog-like' Predator

  21. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In the isolation of Australia, they radiated to fill all mammalian niches: Omnivore/Scavenger Tasmanian Devil

  22. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) In SA, in addition to the marsupials, there were placental mammals - but only radiating as large herbivores: Toxodon

  23. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) and a notable mammalian clade, the Xenarthans - Sloths, Armadillos, Anteaters - were diverse and abundant in SA faunas: Glyptodon Megatherium

  24. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) and an Africarabian fauna evolved in isolation on Africa/Arabia - the modern group called that Afrotheria: Elephant Shrews Aardvarks Hyraxes Golden Moles Elephants Tenrecs

  25. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Paleocene (65-55 mya) The multituberculates dominated the "rodent niche" in northern continents. Ptilodus

  26. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Paleocene (65-55 mya) The first large herbivores were Pantodonts... including Titanoides and Coryphodon. There are few direct adaptations to an herbivorous lifestyle Ptilodus

  27. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Paleocene (65-55 mya) The next clade of mammals were the Condylarths – omnivorous ancestral to the modern ungulates (Artiodactyls and Perissiodactlys). Phenocodus

  28. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Eocene (54-38 mya) Many modern groups evolve in the northern continents: Artiodactyls and Perrissiodactyls replace condylarths proto- horses (Hyracotherium), tapirs, rhinoceroses, and camels, and bats, primates (Purgatorius), and whales (Basilosaurus) evolve.

  29. Basilosaurus Pakicetus Ambulocetus Mesonychid (a condylarth)

  30. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Eocene (54-38 mya) Icaronycterus index

  31. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Eocene (54-38 mya) First Primates - Plesiadapids (Paleocene) Purgatorius

  32. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Eocene (54-38 mya) Many modern groups evolve in the northern continents: creodonts replaced large birds as major predators

  33. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Oligocene (38-24 mya) a cooling period, creating savannahs - grazers and browsers radiate grasses evolve Mesohippus Calicotherium

  34. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Oligocene (38-24 mya) a cooling period, creating savannahs - grazers and browsers radiate Arsinotherium

  35. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Oligocene (38-24 mya)

  36. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Oligocene (38-24 mya) a cooling period, creating savannahs - browsers radiate Indricotherium (Baluchitherium)

  37. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Oligocene (38-24 mya) Titanotheres

  38. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Miocene (24 - 5 mya) – “NEOGENE”

  39. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Miocene (24-5 mya) Extensification of grassland habitats Radiation of grazer fauna: camelids, horse ancestors, cervids, rhinos

  40. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Miocene (24 - 5 mya) True Dog and Cat Carnivores replace creodonts

  41. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pliocene (5 - 2 mya)

  42. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pliocene (5 - 2 mya) Great American Interfaunal Exchange Sloths, Armadillos, Porcupines, Opposum Deer, horses, monkeys, cats and dogs, rodents

  43. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pleistocene (2 mya - 10K)

  44. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pleistocene (2 mya - 10K)

  45. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pleistocene (2 mya - 10K)

  46. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pleistocene (2 mya - 10K)

  47. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pleistocene (2 mya - 10K)

  48. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pleistocene (2 mya - 10K)

  49. IV. Cenozoic (65 - 0 mya) - Pleistocene (2 mya - 10K) American Mastodon Mammut americanum

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