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dasar Psikologi persepsi

week 2. dasar Psikologi persepsi. Sejarah. Psikologi adalah ilmu yang tergolong muda ( sekitar akhir 1800an.) Tetapi , manusia di sepanjang sejarah telah memperhatikan masalah psikologi .

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dasar Psikologi persepsi

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  1. week 2 dasar Psikologi persepsi

  2. Sejarah • Psikologiadalahilmu yang tergolongmuda (sekitarakhir 1800an.) Tetapi, manusiadisepanjangsejarahtelahmemperhatikanmasalahpsikologi. • Banyakahlifilsafatterkenal lain dalamabadtujuhbelasdandelapanbelas—Leibnits, Hobbes, Locke, Kant, dan Hume memberikansumbangandalambidangpsikologi. • Tetapibarupadaakhirabadke 19, psikologidipandangsebagaiilmuygberdirisendiri.

  3. What is Perspective? A guidance to one’s thinking. It is also considered as a lens that influences how someone views a particular situation.

  4. Apakahpersepsiitu? Persepsiadalahprosespemahamanataupunpemberianmaknaatassuatuinformasiterhadap stimulus. Stimulus didapatdariprosespenginderaanterhadapobjek, peristiwa, atauhubungan-hubunganantargejala yang selanjutnyadiprosesolehotak.

  5. Perspectives in Modern Psychology • Psychodynamic • Behavioral • Humanistic • Physiological • Gestalt • Cognitive • Socio-Cultural

  6. Psychodynamic • Dikembangkanoleh Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) • It emphasizes the early childhood experiences on adjustment in adulthood

  7. Behavioral • Dikembangkanolehseorangilmuwanbernama John Watson (1878-1958) • states that behaviors are influenced by environment

  8. Humanistic • Dikembangkankarenareaksiterhadap 2 perspektifsebelumnya

  9. Humanistic Perspective: Perspective that focuses on the individual as someone with potential who is constantly striving to reach that potential.

  10. Maslow membagikebutuhanmanusiamenjadi : • KebutuhanFisiologisJeniskebutuhaniniberhubungandenganpemenuhankebutuhandasarsemuamanusiaseperti, makan, minum, menghirupudara, dansebagainya. • Kebutuhanakan Rasa AmanKetikakebutuhanfisiologisseseorangtelahterpenuhisecaralayak, kebutuhanakan rasa amanmulaimuncul. Keadaanaman, stabilitas, proteksi, danketeraturanakanmenjadikebutuhan yang meningkat. Jikatidakterpenuhi, makaakantimbul rasa cemasdantakutsehinggadapatmenghambatpemenuhankebutuhanlainnya. • Kebutuhanakan Rasa KasihSayangKetikaseseorangmerasabahwakeduajeniskebutuhandiatasterpenuhi, makaakanmulaitimbulkebutuhanakan rasa kasihsayangdan rasa memiliki.

  11. KebutuhanakanHargaDiriKemudian, setelahketigakebutuhandiatasterpenuhi, akantimbulkebutuhanakanhargadiri. Menurut Maslow, terdapat dua jenis, yaitu lower one dan higher one. Lower one berkaitan dengan kebutuhan seperti status, atensi, dan reputasi. Sedangkan higher one berkaitan dengan kebutuhan akan kepercayaan diri, kompetensi, prestasi, kemandirian, dan kebebasan. Jika kebutuhan ini tidak terpenuhi, maka dapat timbul perasaan rendah diri dan inferior. • KebutuhanakanAktualisasiDiriKebutuhanterakhirmenuruthirarkikebutuhan Maslow adalahkebutuhanakanaktualisasidiri. Jenis kebutuhan ini berkaitan erat dengan keinginan untuk mewujudkan dan mengembangkan potensi diri.

  12. Physiological • Karl Lashley (1890-1958), merupakansalahsatuilmuwan yang dianggapsebagaipenemudanpertamamenelitibagimanaotakbekerja • Hubunganantaratubuhdankesehatan mental • People use computerized tool (CAT scan,MRI, EEG) to study the works of brain and its connection to the body.

  13. Physiological Perspective: Perspective that examines the connection between body and mental health.

  14. Gestalt • Dipeloporioleh Max Wertheimer (1880-1943). • Seeing the world (the surrounding) as a whole or a sum of its part.

  15. Cognitive • About the importance of thought. Changing thoughts can drive to changing behavior. • Betapapentingnyapemikiran, denganberubahnyapemikiranbisamerubahtingkahlaku. • For human, this can mean learning from the experience so that the behavior is changed / modified.

  16. Cognitive Perspective: Perspective that states our behaviors are influenced by our thoughts about a particular situation.

  17. Socio-Cultural • Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) mulaimenghubungkanantarapengaruhlingkungandankulturterhadaptingkahlakumanusia. • There is great diversity in our country and psychology has started to recognize the important role that culture plays in shaping who we are.

  18. Socio-Cultural Perspective: Perspective that emphasizes on how culture determines our behavior.

  19. Perspectives in Modern Psychology • Psychodynamic • Behavioral • Humanistic • Physiological • Gestalt • Cognitive • Socio-Cultural

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