Nineteenth-Century Progress

Nineteenth-CenturyProgress

Inventions Make Life Easier • Thomas Edison patents over 1,000 inventions in research laboratory. • In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone. • In 1895, Italian Guglielmo Marconi builds first radio.

Ford Sparks the Automobile Industry • In 1880s, Germans invent first automobile. • Henry Ford lowers cost with assembly line—one task per worker.

The Wright Brothers Fly • In 1903, Wright brothers develop first working airplane.

New Ideas in Medicine The Germ Theory of Disease • Louis Pasteur discovers existence of bacteria while observing fermentation. • He and others quickly discover that bacteria cause disease. • British surgeon Joseph Lister links bacteria to surgical problems. • Sterilizing instruments reduces deaths from infection. • Medical researchers develop vaccines; cities improve sanitation.

New Ideas in Science Darwin Challenges Traditional Beliefs • Charles Darwin—English scientist develops theory of evolution. • In 1880s most people believe in “special creation” by God .

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution • Darwin’s idea of natural selection says competition elevates fittest. • Fittest then breed, their offspring share their advantages. • Theory of evolution—species change slowly through natural selection.

Mendel and Genetics • Austrian monk Gregor Mendel discovers patterns to inherited traits. • Mendel’s work begins the science of genetics.

Advances in Chemistry and Physics In 1803, John Dalton theorizes all matter is made of atoms. • In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev creates periodic table of the elements. • Radioactivity—type of energy discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie. • Ernest Rutherford says atoms have a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

Social Sciences Explore Behavior • Sciences of archaeology, sociology, anthropology begin in 1800s. • Psychology—study of human mind, behavior. • Ivan Pavlov believes human actions actually unconscious reactions. • Sigmund Freud studies unconscious, develops psychoanalysis. • Freud, Pavlov shake Enlightenment’s faith in reason.

The Rise of Mass Culture From Leisure Culture to Mass Culture • Mass culture—art, music, writing, entertainment for large audience. • Leisure activities (movies, music) now available to working class. Music Halls, Vaudeville, and Movies • Traveling acts feature music, juggling, dancing. • In 1880s, people develop early projections of moving images. • By the early 1900s, filmmakers produce the first feature films.

Sports Entertain Millions • Spectator sports draw huge crowds; modern Olympics in Greece, 1896.

Nineteenth-Century Progress

Nineteenth-Century Progress

Presentation Transcript

Nineteenth-Century American Education

The Nineteenth Century

Nineteenth-Century Theatre

Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Asia

The Nineteenth Century

Nineteenth-Century Symphony

Nineteenth Century II

Nineteenth Century Harbors:

The Nineteenth Century

The Nineteenth Century

Nineteenth-Century Science

The Nineteenth Century: Islam

NINETEENTH CENTURY IDEAS

Nineteenth Century - Isms

Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

Nineteenth-Century Food Pyramid

Nineteenth Century American Literature

The Nineteenth Century

Nineteenth Century Jeopardy

Nineteenth Century Political Philosophy

Day 91 US War and Expansion / Nineteenth Century Progress